Table 5.
Inflammation regulated by NPs' surface chemistry.
| Composition | Size | Surface chemistry/Zeta potential/LogP | Cell line/Animal model | Inflammation level | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold | 50 × 15 nm | PEG-NH2, PEG-OH (−4.5 mV), PEG-COOH (−23.2 mV) | Primary human blood phagocytes | (PEG-OH, PEG-COOH)>PEG-NH2 | Bartneck et al., 2010 |
| Gold | 10.4 nm | Methoxypoly-ethylene glycol-graf t-poly(L-lysine) copolymer (MPEG-gPLL, 3.7 mV) | Mice | Induced inflammatory lesions | Bogdanov et al., 2015 |
| Gold | 2 nm | Hyamine (LogP of end group: 0.63–5.35) | Splenocytes | Positively correlated with hydrophobicity | Moyano et al., 2012 |
| Gold | 35 × 10 nm | Mercaptohexadecanoic acid (−46.2 mV), PEG (−11.1 mV) | HaCaT | Mercaptohexadecanoic acid > PEG | Grabinski et al., 2011 |
| Silica | 50 nm | NH2 (25 mV), COOH (−42 mV), PEG (−29 mV) | RAW264.7 | COOH>(NH2, PEG) | Kurtz-Chalot et al., 2017 |
| TiO2 nanowires | Diameter: 200–400 nm | −1.6 to −15.9 mV | Mice | Positively correlated with zeta potential | Park et al., 2013 |
| ZnO | 100, 130 nm | Triethoxycaprylylsilane (hydrophobic, −16.67 mV), pristine (−19.53 mV) | A549-macrophage co-culture | Triethoxycaprylylsilane<pristine | Liu et al., 2019 |
| Iron oxide | 10 nm | Pristine, PEG | A549 | Pristine>PEG | Griffete et al., 2012 |
| Carbon | Diameter: 60–200 | N.A. | IC-21 murine macrophages | Hydrophobic>hydrophilic | Chun et al., 2011 |
| MWCNTs | Diameter: 20–30 nm | COOH, pristine | HUVECs | Pristine>COOH | Long et al., 2018 |
| MWCNTs | N.A. | COOH (−13.8 mV), pristine (−9.76 mV) | C57Bl/6 alveolar macrophage | Pristine>COOH | Hamilton et al., 2013 |
| MWCNTs | <500 nm | Pristine (−6.8 mV), COOH (−12.2 to −32.2 mV) | Mice | Pristine>COOH | Jain et al., 2011 |
| MWCNTs | Diameter: 10–20 nm, length: 5–15 μm | Pristine (−15.5 mV), PEG (−12.8 mV) | Mice | Pristine>PEG | Zhang et al., 2017 |
| Graphene | Thickness: <5 nm, diameter: <2 μm | NH2 (15.5 mV), COOH (−35 mV) | Rats | NH2 >COOH | Lee et al., 2017 |
| Graphene | Lateral dimension of ~100–200 nm | COOH, PEG | Mice | COOH>PEG | Sasidharan et al., 2015 |
| Liposome | 100–150 nm | Cationic, neutral, anionic ligand | Mice | Cationic>(neutral, anionic) | Wei et al., 2015 |
| Lipid | <200 nm | Cationic, anionic ligand | Rats | Cationic>anionic | Gabal et al., 2014 |
| Nanogels | 50–60 nm | PEG (-2.46 mV), poly(sulfobetaine) (PSB, −2.01 mV), and poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB, −1.89 mV) | PBMCs | (PSB, PCB)>PEG | Li et al., 2018 |
| Polymer | 160 nm | Polyvinyl acetate (−3 mV) | Mice | Positively correlated with hydrophobicity | Dailey et al., 2015 |
| Polymer | 20–25 nm | PEG (1.7 mV, 8.8 mV, 15.4 mV) | Mice | Negatively correlated with PEG length | Ibricevic et al., 2013 |
N.A., not available.