Table 6.
Apoptosis regulated by NPs' surface chemistry.
| Composition | Size | Surface chemistry/Zeta potential/LogP | Cell line | Apoptosis | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold | 1.5 nm | Trimethylammoniumethanethiol (TMAT,), mercaptoethanesulfonate (MES), mercaptoethoxyethoxyethanol (MEEE) | HaCaT | (TMAT, MES)>MEEE | Schaeublin et al., 2011 |
| Gold | 1–10 nm | Poly(quaternary ammonium), sodium polyacrylate | Human neutrophils | Sodium polyacrylate> poly(quaternary ammonium) | Durocher et al., 2017 |
| Gold | 20–25 nm | Cysteamine conjugated cholic acid (DCaC), dicationic cysteamine conjugated deoxycholic acid (DCaDC), dicationic cysteamine conjugated lithocholic acid (DCaLC) | A549 | DCaLC> DCaDC>DCaC | Muthukumarasamyvel et al., 2017 |
| Gold nanowires | Diameter: 200 nm | NH2 (11.4 mV), COOH (-25.5 mV) | Fibroblast, HeLa | NH2 >COOH | Kuo et al., 2007 |
| Graphene | 3.5–5 nm | OH, COOH, NH2 | A549 | OH>(COOH, NH2) | Xie J. et al., 2019 |
| Graphene | 200 nm | PEI (40.4 mV), pristine (−7.36 mV), BSA (−33.3 mV), PEG (−18.3 mV) | J774A.1 | PEI> the rest | Luo et al., 2015 |
| Polystyene | 110 nm | NH2, COOH | THP-1, differentiated THP-1 | NH2 >COOH | Loos et al., 2014 |
| Polystyene | 60 nm | NH2 (40.3 mV), COOH (−27.6 mV) | RAW264.7 | NH2 >COOH | Xia et al., 2006 |
| Polystyene | 200 nm | NH2, PEG-NH2 | RAW264.7 | NH2 >PEG-NH2 | Lee K. et al., 2011 |