Figure 4.

Meta-analytic summary effect. Estimated effect size +/− 95% C.I. for waking rest’s impact on verbal memory (blue diamond), calculated from the current and previous studies (black squares). Size of black square for each study is proportional to sample size, error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. Red dotted line represents point estimate for the summary effect size (0.38). For each study, the standardized mean difference was calculated as: $\frac{Mea{n}_{REST}-Mea{n}_{CONTROL}}{S{D}_{POOLED}}$.