Figure 1.

Isolation, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of fumonisin B1 (FB1)‐resistant mutant fbr41. (a) Isolation of FB1‐resistant mutant fbr41. An ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)‐generated mutant population seeds were sown on half‐strength MS medium containing 1.5 μm FB1, and FB1‐resistant individual (indicated by red arrow) was isolated for further identification. (b,c) Phenotypes of wild‐type (Col‐0) and fbr41 seedlings grown on half‐strength MS medium containing 0.15% methanol (v/v) (b) or 1.5 μm FB1 (c), photographs were taken 14 days after sowing. (d) Typical phenotypes of FB1‐induced programmed cell death. Six‐week‐old WT and fbr41 were infiltrated with 10 μm FB1 (left half of treated leaves) and 1% (v/v) methanol as control (right half of treated leaves), then photographed at 3 days postinjection (DPI). (e) FB1 resistance of F₁ progeny derived from crosses between fbr41 and Col‐0 plants. Scale bars = 1 cm (a–d).