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. 2019 Dec 18;9:19377. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55848-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of Na₂S₄ on cellular energy metabolism. (a) Mouse MIN6 cells were cultured from 1 h to 4 h with 25 µM Na₂S₄ prior to determination of the cellular ATP level (n = 3) under 2 mM or 20 mM glucose conditions. (b,c) Mouse MIN6 cells were exposed to Na₂S₄ (0, 1.5, 3.1, 6.2, 12.5, 25 and 50 µM) for a period of 4 h, followed by oxygen consumption rate (OCR) assay (b) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) assay (c) (n = 9). Differences between treatments were evaluated by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons; ^#P < 0.05, as compared to the control cell population (Na₂S₄ 0 µM, glucose 20 mM). *P < 0.05 for comparison of the indicated groups.