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. 2019 Dec 18;9:19402. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55294-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TH+ immunoreactivity in the SNc and SNr. (A) Representative images of the SN within in each experimental group showing raw images (top row), extracted DAB staining from the raw (middle), and overlay of the extracted DAB staining on the raw images (bottom). The extracted pixels taken from the SNc and SNr were colored green and blue, respectively. Scale bar, 250 μm. (B) Average DAB area for each mouse in the ipsilateral and contralateral in both SNc and SNr for MPTP only (left, n = 7), FUS only (middle, n = 6), and IN+FUS (right, n = 7). Only the SNr in the IN+FUS group showed significant differences between the ipsilateral and contralateral DAB area (two-tailed paired Student’s t-test). Average DAB area ratio for the (C) SNc and the (D) SNr, computed by normalizing the ipsilateral DAB area by the contralateral DAB area within each group. The IN+FUS group in the SNr showed significant increase in average DAB area ratio when compared to both the MPTP only and the FUS only group (One-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak corrected post-hoc comparisons). Error bars represent standard error mean. * - p < 0.05, ns – not significant (p > 0.05).