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. 2019 Dec 18;9:19358. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55903-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Enhancement of seed germination of fiber-producing and ornamental species by the application of CBNs. Effects of CNTs (A,C) and graphene (B,D) added to the growth medium on seed germination of Catharanthus (A,B) and cotton (C,D). The presented graph shows the percentage of seed germination by exposures to CBNs at a concentration of 50 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. The entire seed germination experiments were repeated twice (n = 60 for each treatment and for conrol). The statistical significance was determined as compared to control (untreated) seeds by p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 (**p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05).