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. 2019 Dec 18;10:5766. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13554-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b Experimental designs are illustrated at the top of each panel. Memory retrieval is impaired at ZT10 in dnBMAL1 mice for a novel object recognition task and b contextual fear memory. c Consistent with impaired memory retrieval at ZT10, dnBMAL1 mice show reduced c-fos expression in CA1 region of hippocampus after retrieval of contextual fear memory. (Left panels) Representative images of c-fos immunohistochemistry. Scale bar, 100 μm. (Right panel) Quantification of the number of c-fos immunoreactive (IR) cells. d dnBMAL1 expression in the hippocampus impairs retrieval of social recognition memory at ZT10 but not at ZT4 (Recognition index). Experimental designs are illustrated at the top of each panel. One-way ANOVAs with group reveal significant effect of dnBMAL1 when dnBMAL1 group is tested at ZT10 but not at ZT4. Ctrl control. All values are mean ± SEM. Individual data points are displayed as dots. *p < 0.05 as determined by three-way (c), two-way (a), or one-way (b, d) ANOVA with post hoc test. The results of the statistical analyses are presented in Supplementary Table 2. Source data are provided as a source data file.