Fig. 2. Causal associations between body composition and psychiatric traits.
Results are shown from generalized summary data-based Mendelian randomization (GSMR) analyses. Colours represent the sex of the body composition trait: red for female effects, blue for male effects and yellow for sex-combined effects. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) and asterisks indicate statistically significant estimates with p values less than α = 2.6 × 10−4. a Putative causal associations of exposures (rows) psychiatric disorders (n = up to 77,096) and behavioural traits (n = up to 217,568) with outcomes (columns) body composition traits (n = up to 155,961). Dots represent the effect sizes (as measured by β, bxy) on the liability scale of the disorders or traits. b, c Mendelian randomization results for the exposures anorexia nervosa and education years on the outcomes the body composition traits. These are plotted differently due to the size of the effects. All estimates are presented together in Supplementary Fig. 1 on the same scale. d Putative causal associations of exposures (rows) body composition traits (n = up to 155,961) with outcomes (columns) psychiatric disorders (n = up to 77,096) and behavioural traits (n = up to 217,568). Dots represent the effect sizes (as measured by odds ratios, ORs) of risk factors on disorders or traits. e The Mendelian randomization results for body composition traits as exposures on the outcome years of education. Dots represent the effect sizes (as measured by β, bxy) on the scale of the risk factors. Abbreviations: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, AN = anorexia nervosa, BF% = body fat percentage, EduYears = education years, FFM = fat-free mass, FM = fat mass, OCD = obsessive compulsive disorder, SCZ = schizophrenia.