Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Dec 18;9:19388. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56045-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Determination of the refractive index of stenotic and non-stenotic intestinal tissue of Crohn’s disease patients using digital holographic microscopy (DHM). 30 surgical resection specimen of stenotic and non-stenotic intestinal tissue of 15 Crohn’s disease patients were histopathologically evaluated using Hematoxylin-Eosin-(HE)-staining and DHM. Histological evaluation of HE-stainings and the corresponding quantitative DHM phase contrast image (coded to 256 gray levels) revealed marked fibrotic changes of the submucosal layer of stenotic (C,D) compared to non-stenotic bowel tissue (A,B). The refractive index, determined by DHM, was assessed in all layers of the bowel wall (mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria) and was significantly elevated in the submucosa of stenotic compared to non-stenotic tissue (p < 0.001). Data are mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test. Two-sided p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.