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. 2019 Dec 18;9:19388. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56045-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tissue stiffness of stenotic intestinal tissue was significantly elevated compared to non-stenotic intestinal tissue of Crohn’s disease patients. Using a cantilever-based nanointender (Piuma Nanoindenter by Optics11, Amsterdam, N.L.), the Young’s Modulus of cryostat sections of non-stenotic and stenotic segments of the intestinal wall were assessed. Performing 139 measurements (n = 44 in non-stenotic tissue and n = 95 in stenotic tissue), stenotic tissue had a significant higher stiffness compared to non-stenotic tissue (p < 0.001). Pa = Pascal. Data are mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U test. Two-sided p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.