Table 6.

The effects of feeding fermented lupin flour on performance and intestinal health of different animals.

Animal	Microorganisms used	Enzymes	Results	Reference
Wistar rats	Pediococcus acidilactici KTU05-7	Amylase, β-galactosidase, protease, laccase, cellulase	Improved body weight and BWG. Reduced activities of α-glucosidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase in the caecum. High LAB and bifidobacteria population in the gut. Low pH in caecum and colon. Inhibition of Escherichia coli	Bartkiene et al. (2013)
Wistar rats	Candida utilis	Phytase, cellulase, ligninase, pectinase, xylanase	Increased the apparent protein digestibility, body mass gain and protein efficiency ratio in rats in comparison to raw seeds	Kasprowicz-Potocka et al. (2015)
Rats	Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus casei	Phytase, cellulase, protease, lipase, xylanase, glucanase, amylase, laccase, pectinase, invertase	Improved apparent total tract digestibility of dietary protein and BWG of protein intake in rats. Low acidity of the caecum digesta	Zaworska et al. (2016)
Pigs	Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus casei	Phytase, cellulase, protease, lipase, xylanase, glucanase, amylase, laccase, pectinase, invertase	Improved crude protein and amino acid digestibility. No effect on microbial status of the ileal digesta	Zaworska et al. (2017)

BWG = body weight gain; LAB = lactic acid bacteria.