Table 1.
Maternal and infant characteristics
| Characteristic | BPD (n = 2696) | No BPD (n = 5302) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Maternal age | 0.57 | ||||
| —19 and younger | 294 | 10.9 | 544 | 10.3 | |
| —20–29 years old | 1158 | 43.0 | 2254 | 42.6 | |
| —30–39 years old | 1063 | 39.5 | 2168 | 40.9 | |
| —40 years or older | 176 | 6.5 | 329 | 6.2 | |
| Maternal race | 0.17 | ||||
| —Black | 347 | 12.9 | 681 | 12.9 | |
| —Hispanic | 1348 | 50.2 | 2550 | 48.3 | |
| —White | 667 | 24.8 | 1417 | 26.9 | |
| —Asian | 264 | 9.8 | 501 | 9.5 | |
| —American Indian | 5 | 0.2 | 24 | 0.5 | |
| —Other | 54 | 2.0 | 102 | 1.9 | |
| Maternal education | 0.14 | ||||
| —Less than high school | 691 | 27.0 | 1356 | 27.0 | |
| —High school graduate or GED | 699 | 27.3 | 1363 | 27.2 | |
| —Some college | 520 | 20.3 | 1001 | 20.0 | |
| —Associate degree | 139 | 5.4 | 216 | 4.3 | |
| —Undergraduate degree | 337 | 13.2 | 678 | 13.5 | |
| —Postgraduate degree | 174 | 6.8 | 403 | 8.0 | |
| Maternal BMI | 0.04 | ||||
| —Underweight | 98 | 4.1 | 178 | 3.7 | |
| —Normal weight | 973 | 40.7 | 2102 | 43.8 | |
| —Overweight | 635 | 26.6 | 1277 | 26.6 | |
| —Obese | 683 | 28.6 | 1245 | 25.9 | |
| Delivery Payer | 0.20 | ||||
| —Medicaid | 1516 | 56.5 | 2855 | 54.0 | |
| —Private | 986 | 36.8 | 2062 | 39.0 | |
| —Uninsured | 88 | 3.3 | 183 | 3.5 | |
| —Other | 91 | 3.4 | 183 | 3.5 | |
| Nulliparity | 1203 | 44.6 | 2207 | 41.6 | 0.01 |
| Smoking | 97 | 3.7 | 170 | 3.3 | 0.33 |
| Fetal distress | 630 | 23.5 | 1171 | 22.1 | 0.17 |
| Fetal IUGR | 226 | 8.4 | 292 | 5.5 | <0.001 |
| Maternal chorioamnionitis | 296 | 11.1 | 466 | 8.8 | 0.001 |
| Maternal diabetes | 209 | 7.8 | 499 | 9.4 | 0.016 |
| Maternal hypertension | 522 | 20.6 | 1080 | 20.4 | 0.82 |
| Obstetrical bleeding | 661 | 24.6 | 1110 | 20.9 | <0.001 |
| Premature ROM | 201 | 32.3 | 420 | 32.2 | 0.96 |
| Prolonged ROM | 1054 | 39.2 | 1849 | 34.9 | <0.001 |
| GBS positive | 218 | 28.4 | 485 | 28.7 | 0.86 |
| Prenatal care | 2588 | 96.5 | 5071 | 96.2 | 0.57 |
| Antenatal steroids | 2091 | 83.5 | 4399 | 84.1 | 0.55 |
| Cesarean section | 1977 | 73.3 | 3747 | 70.7 | 0.013 |
| Spontaneous labor | 1897 | 70.6 | 3816 | 72.2 | 0.12 |
| Outborn | 305 | 11.3 | 599 | 11.3 | 0.98 |
| Apgar 5 min score | <0.001 | ||||
| —0–4 | 359 | 13.4 | 354 | 6.7 | |
| —5–7 | 1099 | 41.0 | 1547 | 29.3 | |
| —8–10 | 1220 | 45.6 | 3382 | 64.0 | |
| Birth weight | <0.001 | ||||
| —750 g or less | 1061 | 39.4 | 589 | 11.1 | |
| —751–1000 g | 1024 | 38.0 | 1523 | 28.7 | |
| —1001–1250 g | 467 | 17.3 | 1914 | 36.1 | |
| —1251 g or greater | 144 | 5.3 | 1276 | 24.1 | |
| Gestational age | <0.001 | ||||
| —22 to <24 weeks | 193 | 7.2 | 70 | 1.3 | |
| —24 to <26 weeks | 966 | 35.8 | 659 | 12.4 | |
| —26 to <28 weeks | 926 | 34.3 | 1596 | 30.1 | |
| —28 to <30 weeks | 611 | 22.7 | 2977 | 56.1 | |
| Multiple gestation | 608 | 22.6 | 1325 | 25.0 | 0.016 |
| Male | 1579 | 58.6 | 2647 | 49.9 | <0.001 |
| Small for gestational age | 363 | 13.5 | 359 | 6.8 | <0.001 |
BMI body mass index, GBS group B streptococcus, GED general education diploma, IUGR intrauterine growth restriction, ROM rupture of membranes