Table 2.
Patient characteristics and hospital admissions
| Characteristics | Beginning of follow-up | End of follow-up | Hospital admissions | Unadjusted relative intensity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| M | 216 | (44.3) | 216 | (44.3) | 228 | (43.4) | 0.98 | (0.69, 1.40) |
| F | 272 | (55.7) | 272 | (55.7) | 297 | (56.6) | 1.00 | Reference |
| Race | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| Black | 174 | (35.7) | 174 | (35.7) | 265 | (50.5) | 1.85 | (1.30, 2.63) |
| White | 314 | (64.3) | 314 | (64.3) | 260 | (49.5) | 1.00 | Reference |
| Age | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| Mean, SD | 56.0 | 15.1 | 60.9 | 15.0 | 60.3 | 15.7 | ||
| Min, Max | 21.0 | 89.0 | 26.0 | 94.0 | 24.0 | 92.0 | ||
| 21–44 | 104 | (21.3) | 66 | (13.5) | 87 | (16.6) | 1.00 | Reference |
| 45–54 | 127 | (26.0) | 94 | (19.3) | 99 | (18.9) | 0.90 | (0.50, 1.62) |
| 55—64 | 116 | (23.8) | 137 | (28.1) | 115 | (21.9) | 0.85 | (0.48, 1.53) |
| 65–74 | 78 | (16.0) | 92 | (18.9) | 100 | (19.0) | 1.21 | (0.65, 2.28) |
| 75+ | 63 | (12.9) | 99 | (20.3) | 124 | (23.6) | 1.48 | (0.83, 2.64) |
| ZIP area | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| Urban | 378 | (77.5) | 378 | (77.5) | 454 | (86.5) | 1.90 | (1.19, 3.05) |
| Suburb | 110 | (22.5) | 110 | (22.5) | 71 | (13.5) | 1.00 | Reference |
| Insurance | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| Government 65+ | 141 | (28.9) | 191 | (39.1) | 224 | (42.7) | 1.00 | Reference |
Government  65 |
134 | (27.5) | 138 | (28.3) | 208 | (39.6) | 1.08 | (0.73, 1.59) |
Commercial  65 |
192 | (39.3) | 143 | (29.3) | 71 | (13.5) | 0.31 | (0.20, 0.48) |
Other  65 |
21 | ( 4.3) | 16 | ( 3.3) | 22 | ( 4.2) | 0.77 | (0.45, 1.32) |
| Insulin | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| Yes | 191 | (39.1) | 206 | (42.2) | 391 | (74.5) | 4.56 | (3.35, 6.21) |
| No | 297 | (60.9) | 282 | (57.8) | 134 | (25.5) | 1.00 | Reference |
| Metformin | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| Yes | 176 | (36.1) | 176 | (36.1) | 168 | (32.0) | 0.76 | (0.53, 1.08) |
| No | 312 | (63.9) | 312 | (63.9) | 357 | (68.0) | 1.00 | Reference |
A (%) |
389 | 416 | 488 | |||||
| Mean, SD | 7.1 | 1.7 | 7.1 | 1.6 | 6.9 | 1.7 | ||
| Min, Max | 4.4 | 18.5 | 4.5 | 15.6 | 4.1 | 16.4 | ||
 9 |
355 | (91.3) | 366 | (88.0) | 437 | (89.5) | 1.00 | Reference |
 9 |
34 | ( 8.7) | 50 | (12.0) | 51 | (10.5) | 1.25 | (0.83, 1.88) |
| Missing | 99 | 72 | 37 | |||||
| Calcium(mg/dL) | 415 | 435 | 520 | |||||
| Mean, SD | 9.3 | 0.5 | 9.4 | 0.6 | 8.9 | 0.7 | ||
| Min, Max | 7.2 | 10.9 | 7.2 | 11.6 | 6.2 | 11.6 | ||
 9.1 |
151 | (36.4) | 125 | (28.7) | 334 | (64.2) | 7.35 | (5.67, 9.51) |
 9.1 |
264 | (64.6) | 310 | (71.3) | 186 | (35.8) | 1.00 | Reference |
| Missing | 73 | 53 | 5 | |||||
| PVD | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| Yes | 172 | (35.2) | 272 | (55.7) | 488 | (93.0) | 16.16 | (11.19, 23.34) |
| No | 316 | (64.8) | 216 | (44.3) | 37 | ( 7.0) | 1.00 | Reference |
| PUD | 488 | 488 | 525 | |||||
| Yes | 239 | (49.0) | 333 | (68.2) | 480 | (91.4) | 7.49 | (5.09, 11.01) |
| No | 249 | (51.0) | 155 | (31.8) | 45 | ( 8.6) | 1.00 | Reference |
We identified a cohort of patients suffering diabetes via EHR to determine which covariates are related to the risk of hospital admission. In the first column, we provide a selection of the covariates. In the second (third) column, we summarize these covariates at the beginning (end) of follow-up where the unit of analysis is the subject. In the fourth column, we summarize these covariates for hospital admissions where the unit of analysis is an admission. In the fifth column, we provide unadjusted relative intensities (and 95% CI) computed via a counting process Cox model.