Table 1.

Overview of clinical trials based on transplantation of encapsulated islet.

Investigator or Company	Type of Encapsulation	Hydrogel-like Biomaterial	Islet Source	Implantation Site	Dose	Immunossupresion	Country
Novocell, In. (Viacyte, Inc.) [37]	Nanoencapsulation	PEG	Allogeneic	Subcutaneous	Undetermined	No	USA
Soon-Shiong et al. [38]	Microencapsulation	Alginate-Poly-L-Lysine	Allogeneic	Peritoneum	1040,000 islets equivalents/patient	Yes	USA
Calafiore et al. [39]	Microencapsulation	Alginate-Poly-L-Ornintine	Allogeneic	Peritoneum	400,000–600,000 islets equivalents/patient	No	Italy
Tuch et al. [40]	Microencapsulation	Barium cross-linked alginate	Allogeneic	Peritoneum	178,000 islets equivalents/ patient	No	Australia
Living Cell Technologies (LCT) [41]	Microencapsulation	Alginate-Poly-L-Ornintine	Xenogeneic-porcine insulin-producing cells	Peritoneum	5000–10,000 islets equivalents/kg body weight	No	Australia
Dufrane et al. [42]	Macroencapsulation-Monolayer Cellular Device	Collagen/Alginate	Allogeneic	Subcutaneous space	Undetermined	Undetermined	Belgium
Beta-O2 Technologies [43]	Macroencapsulation-β-Air device	Alginate	Allogeneic	Peritoneum	2100 islets equivalents/kg body weight	No	Germany
Alejandro Rodolfo et al. [44]	Macroencapsulation-BioHub	Thrombin/patient’s own plasma	Allogeneic	Omentum	600,000 islets equivalents/patient	Yes	USA