Table 1.
Recommended combinations of solvents / adsorbents for identification. of different flavonoid types by thin layer chromatography (TLC).
| Flavonoid Type | Adsorbent Type/Mobile Phase | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cellulose | Polyamide | Silica gel | |
| Polar flavonoid aglycones, e.g., flavones | BuOH:AcOH:H2O (3:1:1 v/v/v) a CHCl3:AcOH:H2O (30:15:2 v/v/v) b |
MeOH:AcOH:H2O (18:1:1 v/v/v) |
To:Py:FA (36:9:5 v/v/v) |
| Non-polar flavonoid aglycones, e.g., methylated flavones | 10–30% AcOH | --- | CHCl3:MEOH (15:1 to 3:1 v/v) |
| Flavonoid glycosides | BuOH:AcOH:H2O (3:1:1 v/v/v) a BuOH:AcOH:H2O (4:1:5 v/v/v) a |
H2O:MeOH:MEK:methyl acetylacetone (13:3:3:1 v/v/v/v) | EtOAc:Py:H2O:MeOH (80:20:10:5 v/v/v/v) (especially flavone C-glycosides) |
Abbreviations: AcOH, acetic acid; BuOH, butanol; CHCl3, chloroform; EtOAc, ethyl acetate; FA, formic acid; MeOH, methanol; MEK, methyl ethyl ketone; Py, pyridine; To, toluene. a The mobile phase is thoroughly mixed in the separating funnel and the upper phase is used. b The mobile phase is thoroughly mixed in the separating funnel and the excess water is discarded.