Table 6.
Gas chromatography in the analysis of luteolin and its derivatives.
| Luteolin Derivative | Column | Derivatization | Conditions | Detection | Analyzed Species | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luteolin | HP-5-MS | 1% TMCS:BSTFA | carrier gas: He; injector temperature: 250 °C A: (column temperature) 5 min, 170°C; 3 °C/min, 170–255 °C; 1 min, 255 °C; 2 °C/min, 255–310 °C; flow rate: 0.5 mL/min; analysis time: 70 min; B: (column temperature) 5 min, 160°C; 3°C/min, 160–188°C; 1 min, 188 °C; 15 °C/min, 188–241 °C; 1 min, 241 °C; 2 °C/min, 241–282 °C; 5 °C/min, 282–310 °C; 5 min, 310 °C; flow rate: 1.0 mL/min; analysis time: 50 min |
APCI-TOF-MS | Fruits of various olives species (Olea L.) | [170] |
| Capillary column Supelco SPBM-5 | two- and three-phase transfer catalysis (PTC), methyl iodide | carrier gas: He; injector temperature: 260 °C; detector temperature: 280 °C; furnace temperature: 5 min, 50 °C; 5 °C/min, 50–150 °C; 10 °C/min, 150–210 °C; analysis time: 45 min |
MS |
Mentha spicata,
Hypericum perforatum |
[179] | |
| non-polar RSL 200 BP | 0.2 M trimethylaniline hydroxide (TMAH):H2O-free MeOH | carrier gas: N2; linear speed of the carrier 17.5 cm/s; 0–2 min, 280 °C and 235 °C; 1 °C/min, 280–290 °C; flow rate: 30 mL/min |
FID | different samples form AFRC Institute of Plant Science Research and John Innes Institute, Norwich, U.K. | [167] | |
| Py:HMDS:TMCS | ||||||
| BPX5 | Py:BSTFA:TMCS) (50:50:1 v/v/v) |
carrier gas: He; injector temperature: 310 °C; 1 min, 100 °C; 30 °C/min, 100–210 °C; 2 °C/min, 210–240 °C; 4 °C/min, 240–270 °C; 5 °C/min, 270–310 °C; 5 min, 310 °C; flow rate: 1.5 mL/min |
QMS | Propolis, Chrysanthemum sp, Theobroma cacao (bitter chocolate) |
[171] | |
| Capillary column Low-bleed CP-Sil 8 CB-MS | TMCS (100 μL), BSTFA (200 μL) HMDS:TMCS:Py (3:1:9, v/v/v) |
carrier gas: He; 2 °C/min, 70–135 °C; 10 min, 135 °C; 4 °C/min, 135–220 °C; 10 min, 220 °C; 3.5 °C/min, 220–270 °C; 20 min, 270 °C; injector temperature: 280 °C; detector temperature: 290 °C; flow rate: 1.9 mL/min |
MS | Teucrium polium | [169] | |
| Quartz capillary column | Py:BSTFA (1:1 v/v) |
carrier gas: He;injector temperature 220 °C; detector temperature: 270 °C; 2.3 °C/min 200–270 °C; 30 min, 270 °C |
MS | Aspalathus linearis | [172] | |
| Luteolin 7,3’,4’-trimethyl | Capillary column Permabond OV-1 | --- | carrier gas: N2, He; injector temperature: 300 °C; column temperature: 270 °C (isothermal); flow rate: 1.3 mL/min |
FID | Arnica alpina | [168] |
| Capillary column OV-1 | --- | MS |
Abbreviations: Py, pyridine, BSTFA, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide; TMS, trimethylsily; HMDS, hexamethyldisilazane; TMCS, trimethylchlorosilane; APCI-TOF-MS, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization combined with quadrupole – time of flight mass spectrometry; FID, flame ionization detector; QMS, quadrupole mass spectrometry.