Reduced interferon (IFN)-related gene expression in TET-, FAN-, and CEP-treated HCoV-infected MRC-5 cells. The compounds (5 μM) were added to HCoV-OC43-infected MRC-5 cells. Total RNA was purified from MRC-5 cells at days 1, 2, 3, and 4. (A–D) The mRNA levels of (A) IFN-α1, (B) IFN-β1, (C) IFN-λ1, and (D) MxA genes were measured by qRT-PCR in vehicle (0.025% DMSO), TET-, FAN-, and CEP-treated cell lysates. β-Actin was used for data normalization. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 versus the vehicle group (one-way ANOVA plus Tukey’s multiple comparisons test).