MSC-FGF21 treatment blocked dendritic morphology defects in immature newborn hippocampal neurons. On day 28 after TBI, doublecortin (DCX)-labeled immature hippocampal neurons were examined for dendritic morphology. (A) Representative dendritic morphology of immature hippocampal neurons, which were divided into three classes according to their dendritic phenotypes. (B) Distribution percentages of these three classes of neurons with distinct dendritic morphology in four groups of animals. Scholl analysis was performed to measure total dendritic length (C), number of dendritic branches (D), and distance from the first branch to the soma (E) of DCX-positive immature hippocampal neurons in four groups of animals. Quantified data are mean ± SEM (n = 6 animals per group). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 using one-way ANOVA. ANOVA, analysis of variance; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; SEM, standard error of the mean; TBI, traumatic brain injury.