Fig. 1.

The gut of most patients with alcohol-related CRC is exposed to a high circulating level of ethanol. (A) Pearson's chi-squared (χ²) test was used to analyse the relationship between alcohol intake and risk for CRC. (B) Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyse the difference in drinking frequency between drinkers with and without CRC. “D-Normal” indicates drinkers in the normal group, “D-CRC” indicates drinkers with CRC. (C) Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyse the difference in the average alcohol intake between drinkers with and without CRC. (D) Pearson's chi-squared (χ²) test was used to analyse the relationship between drinking and flushing syndrome in the normal and CRC groups. “FS” indicates subjects with flushing, and “nFS” indicates the absence of flushing syndrome. (E) Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyse the difference in drinking frequency between drinkers with and without flushing syndrome. (F) Unpaired Student's t-test was used to analyse the difference in the average alcohol intake between drinkers with and without flushing syndrome. (G) A microplate reader was used to detect the ethanol concentration in mouse blood. *P < 0.05 and ^n.sP > 0.05 vs the control.