TABLE 1.

Hospital Level Resources, Policies, or Procedures Aimed at Ensuring Access to Operation

Resource, Policy, or Procedure Aimed  at Ensuring Access to Operation	No. Hospitals, n = 368 (%)
Total operating rooms, median (IQR)	19 (9–28)
Block time for EGS
<1 day (none, <1)	276 (75.0%)
1–4 days (1,2, 3, 4)	15 (4.1%)
≥5 days (5, >5)	65 (17.7%)
Tiered system for booking emergent surgical cases	235 (63.9%)
Process to defer elective cases	251 (68.2%)
Overnight OR access available	364 (71.4%)
Total number of surgeons covering EGS, Median (IQR)	5 (3, 8)
Daytime surgeons covering EGS free of other clinical duties	57 (15.5%)
Daytime surgeon on call for EGS working postcall
Always/often	280 (76.1%)
Sometimes	40 (10.9%)
Rarely/never	31 (8.4%)
Daytime EGS coverage scheme
On service weeks—5 consecutive days or greater (reference)	50 (13.6%)
Ad hoc daytime shift coverage	34 (9.2%)
Traditional 24-hour coverage	228 (62.0%)
Other	13 (3.5%)
In-house surgeon overnight for EGS
Always/often	132 (35.9%)
Sometimes	23 (6.3%)
Rarely/never	196 (53.3%)
Overnight surgeon also responsible for covering trauma
Always/often	235 (63.9%)
Sometimes	16 (4.3%)
Rarely/never	101 (27.4%)
Overnight surgeon also responsible for covering ICU care
Always/often	132 (35.9%)
Sometimes	34 (9.2%)
Rarely/never	186 (50.5%)
Overnight surgeon also responsible for covering EGS at more than one hospital
Always/often	55 (14.9%)
Sometimes	40 (10.9%)
Rarely/never	256 (69.6%)
Overnight scrub technicians
None	—
On-call	248 (67.4%)
In-house	113 (30.7%)
Overnight OR nurses
None	—
On-call	250 (67.9%)
In-house	111 (30.2%)
Overnight recovery room nurses
None	7 (1.9%)
On-call	293 (79.6%)
In-house	58 (15.8%)
Overnight anesthesia staff (MD, DO, CRNA)
None	44 (12.0%)
On-call	192 (52.2%)
In-house	121 (32.9%)

Total may not add to 368 given missing data from variables. SNF, Skilled nursing facility; LTAC, Long-term acute care hospital.