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. 2019 Dec 19;12:76. doi: 10.1186/s13072-019-0318-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — UTX activity plays the important role in RA-induced Hox upregulation. a UTX mRNA in cranial neural tissue of RA-induced mouse NTDs was measured by RT-qPCR. Actb was used as a loading control. Data are shown as the mean (SD; n = 4). *P < 0.05. b UTX mRNA in mouse ESCs treated with RA was measured by RT-qPCR. Actb was used as a loading control. Data are shown as the mean (SD; n = 3). *P < 0.05. c UTX demethylase activity was detected in cranial neural tissue of RA-induced NTD mouse embryos. Data are shown as the mean (SD; n = 4). *P < 0.05. d UTX demethylase activity was detected in mouse ESCs after RA treatment. Data are shown as the mean (SD; n = 3). *P < 0.05. e ChIP assays of UTX were performed using mouse ESCs treated with 1 μM RA for 24 h. Mouse IgG was used as control. Enrichment of Hox gene promoters was measured by qPCR. f GSK-J4 (UTX inhibitor) affected mRNA levels of Hox genes in RA-induced mouse ESCs. Mouse ESCs were treated with GSK-J4 (30 nM) for 6 h. Then, after 24 h of RA treatment, cells were collected and analyzed. Data are shown as the mean (SD; n = 3)