Fig. 4.

Effect of Terminalia albida treatment on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in brains of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. C57BL/6 mice were infected with P. berghei and treated with chloroquine (5 mg/kg), Terminalia albida (100 mg/kg) or water. Brains were harvested at D7 (for P. berghei and VEGF) or D8 post-infection (for the other markers). Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Gene expression levels of (a) P. berghei, VEGF, ICAM and Granzyme B; b pro-inflammatory cytokines, c other pro-inflammatory markers, and d anti-inflammatory markers. e Cytokine levels in pg/mL. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.0005. Data presented are mean ± standard deviation