Box 1 Issues, recommendations and target outcomes to improve surveillance on AMR in the APAC

Issues	Recommendations	Target Outcomes
Weak health systems	• Increase country capability and capacity to reliably detect the priority pathogens, and link laboratory results to clinical outcome. • Prescribe microbiological culture (particularly, blood and urine) appropriately. • Report case-based surveillance report, together with evaluating attributable mortality rate for AMR.	Improved capacity and capability to diagnose, treat and prevent AMR at all levels of the health system.
Unclear burden of AMR	• Improve surveillance to better describe the burden of AMR. • Better capture and report records of deaths and other clinical outcomes attributable to AMR. • Develop robust models that are practical and acceptable to policymakers and healthcare providers.	Ability to monitor and evaluate the effects of interventions, and project the impact of AMR using modelling options.
Lack of formal network to address AMR	• Engage policymakers to consider developing an official network for AMR in the region, based on role models developed by European CDC, African CDC and European Medicines Agency, such as EARS-NET and ESVAC.	Consolidation of resources and efforts across countries to deliver impactful programme at the regional level.
Lack of open-access data for global sharing	• Engage with policymakers to make data open-access, such as AMU and AMR surveillance data. • Improve the understanding and utilisation of all surveillance data to decide on resource allocation for interventions and to inform the implementation of action plans.	Robust and reliable data to support further policy engagement, monitoring and evaluating impact of interventions, and research and development.