Figure 1.

Survival (dark bars) and emergence (light bars) (mean ± SE; % of initial individuals) of C. riparius after 28 d exposure to whole sediment cores from reference (blue), urban (red), WWTP (orange), and agricultural (green) sites. Significant differences between mean values of the reference (SP) vs contaminated sites are shown, where α indicates a difference in survival and β indicates a difference in emergence, and significance levels for α and β are indicated as * = p < 0.05 and ** = p < 0.01.