Figure 3.

Recovery of lignin isolates. Recoveries were determined by using ¹³C-IS py-GC-MS. Average and standard deviation of analytical duplicates of fractionation duplicates. One fractionation replicate was obtained for bound and residue fractions of the week 1 sample. See Figure 2 and the experimental section for lignin fractionation details; free directly dioxane-extractable, bound dioxane-extractable after enzymatic carbohydrate degradation, and “residue” dioxane-unextractable.