Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes by Race and Age Group (N=93,493)
| Variable, n (%) | Years <65 (n=44,647) |
Years ≥65 (n=48,846) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WH (n=40,394) | AA (n=4253) | pa | WH (n=46,619) | AA (n=2227) | p | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 18,977 (47.0) | 1960 (46.1) | 28,475 (61.1) | 1458 (65.5) | *** | |
| Discharge facility type | ||||||
| Home self-care | 12,908 (32.0) | 959 (22.5) | *** | 9281 (19.9) | 385 (17.3) | *** |
| HHC | 13,441 (33.3) | 1606 (37.8) | 18,323 (39.3) | 893 (40.1) | ||
| SNF | 5185 (12.8) | 652 (15.3) | 7008 (15.0) | 357 (16.0) | ||
| IRF | 8860 (21.9) | 1036 (24.4) | 12,007 (25.8) | 592 (26.6) | ||
| Metro area | ||||||
| Metro | 37,794 (93.6) | 4209 (99.0) | 43,189 (92.6) | 2201 (98.8) | ||
| Nonmetro | 2600 (6.44) | 44 (1.03) | 3430 (7.36) | 26 (1.17) | ||
| Insurance | ||||||
| Unknown/uninsured | 372 (0.92) | 17 (0.40) | *** | 226 (0.48) | 11 (0.49) | *** |
| Medicare | 4262 (10.6) | 858 (20.2) | 40,884 (87.7) | 1909 (85.7) | ||
| Medicaid | 2838 (7.03) | 1191 (28.0) | 63 (0.14) | 34 (1.53) | ||
| Commercial | 32,453 (80.3) | 2142 (50.4) | 5364 (11.5) | 259 (11.6) | ||
| Government | 469 (1.16) | 45 (1.06) | 82 (0.18) | 14 (0.63) | ||
| Volume of cases (by facility and year) | ||||||
| <100/year | 5803 (14.4) | 888 (20.9) | 7438 (16.0) | 424 (19.0) | ||
| 100–199/year | 9621 (23.8) | 641 (15.1) | 12,235 (26.2) | 333 (15.0) | ||
| 200+/year | 24,970 (61.8) | 2724 (64.0) | 26,946 (57.8) | 1470 (66.0) | ||
| 90-day readmission | 3141 (7.78) | 510 (12.0) | *** | 5198 (11.1) | 292 (13.1) | |
| 90-day mortality | 50 (0.12) | 13 (0.31) | ** | 312 (0.67) | 8 (0.36) | |
| Elixhauser Indexb | ||||||
| 0 | 7304 (18.1) | 732 (17.2) | 8006 (17.2) | 410 (18.4) | ||
| 1–4 | 30,492 (75.5) | 3264 (76.7) | 35,726 (76.6) | 1697 (76.2) | ||
| ≥5 | 2598 (6.43) | 257 (6.04) | 2887 (6.19) | 120 (5.39) | ||
| Surgery complications | ||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 22 (0.05) | 1 (0.02) | 126 (0.27) | 5 (0.22) | ||
| Prosthetic device complication | 65 (0.16) | 9 (0.21) | 98 (0.21) | 4 (0.18) | ||
| Surgical wound infection | 17 (0.04) | 1 (0.02) | 17 (0.04) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Venous thromboembolism | 11 (0.03) | 2 (0.05) | 64 (0.14) | 3 (0.13) | ||
a
Variables are compared by race for each age group (years <65, ≥65) using Wald χ2 test from unadjusted binary or multinomial logistic regression models that account for clustering by facility. Significance levels: **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
b
Clinical comorbidities were identified based on coding algorithms developed by Quan et al. (enhanced Elixhauser version), using either the ICD-9-CM or the ICD-10 coding system, as appropriate. The Elixhauser comorbidity index score is calculated based on the cumulative number of comorbidity conditions.
AA, African American; HHC, home health care; IRF, inpatient rehabilitation facility; SNF, skilled nursing facility; WH, White.