. 2019 Dec 20;43:e86. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2019.86

TABLE 1. Demographic, clinical, and programmatic characteristics of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients, Suriname, 2010 – 2015.

Characteristic	Total (n = 469)	%	Cases (n = 59)	%	Controls (n = 410)	%	P value
Sex
Male	349	74.4	47	79.7	302	73.7	0.323^a
Female	120	25.6	12	20.3	108	26.3
Age (years)
Median	42		43 (37 – 54)		42 (31 – 51)		0.126^a
Age groups (years)
15-34	158	33.7	12	20.3	146	35.6	0.036^a
35-54	240	51.2	39	66.1	201	49.0
55+	71	15.1	8	13.6	63	15.4
HIV status
Negative	371	79.1	45	76.3	326	79.5	0.413^b
Positive	87	18.6	11	18.6	76	18.5
Unknown	11	2.3	3	5.1	8	2.0
Receiving ART
Yes	66	75.9	10	90.9	56	73.7	0.241^b
No	13	14.9	1	9.1	12	15.8
Unknown	8	9.2	0	0.0	8	10.5
DOT
Yes	309	65.9	41	69.5	268	65.4	0.532^a
No	160	34.1	18	30.5	142	34.6
Hospitalization
Yes	417	88.9	53	89.8	364	88.8	0.898^b
No	15	3.2	2	3.4	13	3.2
Unknown	37	7.9	4	6.8	33	8.1
Hospitalization (days)
Median (IQR)	48 (30 – 71)		93 (54 – 132)		45 (29 – 66)		< 0.001^c
Case type
New	430	91.7	53	89.8	377	92.0
Retreatment	39	8.3	6	10.2	33	8.0	0.612^d
Diabetes Mellitus
Yes	65	13.9	5	8.5	60	14.6	0.200^a
No	404	86.1	54	91.5	350	85.4
Bacillary load
≤1+	196	41.8	15	25.4	181	44.1	0.015^a
2+	103	22.0	14	23.7	89	21.7
3+	170	36.2	30	50.8	140	34.1
Time to start TB treatment (days)
Median (IQR)	3 (0 – 8)		1 (0 – 5)		4		0.015^c
Rifampicin sensitivity^e
Resistant	27	5.8	4	6.8	23	5.6	0.398^b
Sensitive	237	50.5	34	57.6	203	49.5
Unknown	205	43.7	21	35.6	184	44.9

Note: HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus; ART = Antiretroviral Therapy; IQR = interquartile range; DOT = Directly Observed Treatment. Other risk factors included smoking, alcohol, homelessness, prison, and drug use. Hospitalization was defined as a stay of 14 days or more.

^a Chi-square test.

^b Likelihood ratio.

^c Mann-Whitney U test.

^d Values from Fisher’s exact test were used.

^e Rifampicin sensitivity was only available for cases after Xpert was implemented in 2012.

Source: Prepared by the authors from the study results, based on data from the National Tuberculosis Program database, Ministry of Health, Paramaribo, Suriname, 2019.