Table 3. Effects of sports activity (‘treatment’) on men belonging to different age groups.
| Outcome variable | Age 41–64 non-active men (n = 1,376) | Age 41–64 active men (n = 539) | Age 25–40 non-active men (n = 547) | Age 25–40 active men (n = 367) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| treatment group (n = 248) | difference | treatment group (n = 347) | difference | treatment group (n = 153) | difference | treatment group (n = 244) | difference | |
| Sport participation | ||||||||
| Sport 2015 | 0.305 | 0.197*** | 0.703 | 0.382*** | 0.392 | 0.182*** | 0.751 | 0.442*** |
| >1 category of sport activity 2015 | 0.073 | 0.051** | 0.272 | 0.155*** | 0.160 | 0.117*** | 0.394 | 0.246*** |
| Health and physical conditions | ||||||||
| BMI 2015 | 27.926 | -0.152 | 27.915 | -0.314 | 26.696 | -0.356 | 26.799 | -0.189 |
| Dissatisfaction with health 2015 | 3.053 | -0.168* | 2.946 | -0.287** | 2.326 | -0.330*** | 2.397 | -0.055 |
| Physical problems 2015 | 0.758 | -0.009 | 0.715 | -0.067 | 0.486 | -0.006 | 0.347 | -0.152*** |
| Health problems 2015 | 0.693 | 0.026 | 0.651 | -0.035 | 0.382 | -0.022 | 0.357 | 0.047 |
| Seriously ill 2014 | 0.140 | -0.013 | 0.170 | 0.049 | 0.031 | -0.034* | 0.050 | -0.052** |
| Tiredness not-related to work 2015 | 0.428 | 0.025 | 0.442 | 0.052 | 0.325 | 0.010 | 0.276 | 0.050 |
| Too much alcohol 2014 | 0.183 | 0.066*** | 0.071 | -0.056** | 0.089 | -0.038 | 0.097 | -0.021 |
| Life attitiudes | ||||||||
| No decrease in energy to work 2015 | 0.612 | .085** | 0.670 | 0.036 | 0.823 | 0.019 | 0.860 | 0.079* |
| Entire life delightful or pleasing 2015 | 0.438 | 0.043 | 0.515 | 0.039 | 0.454 | 0.003 | 0.582 | 0.111* |
| Lust for life 2015 | 8.533 | 0.147 | 8.624 | -0.217 | 8.876 | 0.289* | 9.129 | 0.478*** |
| Achieving goals > fun 2015 | 0.533 | -0.043 | 0.626 | -0.039 | 0.524 | 0.014 | 0.533 | 0.008 |
| Success depended on her/himself 2015 | 0.801 | 0.100*** | 0.807 | 0.088** | 0.846 | 0.061 | 0.842 | 0.034 |
| Fun is the most important thing 2015 | 0.654 | 0.025 | 0.598 | -0.029 | 0.733 | 0.073* | 0.671 | -0.162*** |
| Social activities | ||||||||
| Member of sports club 2015 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.044 | 0.031** | 0.002 | -0.004 | 0.060 | 0.057*** |
| Number of friends 2015 | 7.328 | 1.586*** | 8.518 | -0.116 | 5.928 | 0.487 | 6.918 | 1.628* |
| Number of acquaint. met regularly 2015 | 5.807 | 0.421 | 7.909 | -0.976 | 7.683 | 0.984 | 8.598 | 1.329 |
| Number of friends met regularly 2015 | 4.744 | 0.371 | 5.962 | 0.057 | 5.385 | 0.652 | 6.105 | 0.870* |
| Most people can be trusted 2015 | 0.151 | 0.020 | 0.137 | -0.054* | 0.173 | 0.048 | 0.242 | 0.067 |
| Work for local society 2013–2014 | 0.204 | 0.059** | 0.334 | 0.048 | 0.190 | 0.071** | 0.216 | 0.039 |
| Member of organisations 2015 | 0.154 | 0.034 | 0.433 | 0.137** | 0.090 | -0.021 | 0.245 | 0.157*** |
| Took part in public meeting 2015 | 0.231 | 0.002 | 0.345 | 0.015 | 0.196 | 0.007 | 0.228 | 0.050 |
| Voluntary activities 2015 | 0.113 | 0.059*** | 0.124 | -0.050 | 0.083 | 0.026 | 0.092 | 0.010 |
| Voted in elections 2014 | 0.722 | -0.029 | 0.839 | 0.005 | 0.715 | 0.080* | 0.700 | -0.023 |
The table presents results of matching estimation for men stratified by age and past SA. For each stratum and each outcome variable, two values are reported: value of the outcome variable for the treated group (i.e. active in 2013; left column) and estimated difference between the treated group and the non-treated group (i.e. inactive in 2013; right column). For the latter, significance is denoted using asterisks
*** p < 0.010
** p < 0.050
* p < 0.100. For the sample sizes, only observations on common support are reported (5.6–13.4% observations were off common support–with the highest ratio for active under-40).