Table 2. Characteristics of Han and Manchu study participants residing in rural areas of northern China, by sleep quality categories, from 2012 to 2013.
| Han | Manchu | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor sleep quality (n = 1714) | Good sleep quality (n = 4083) | p valuea | Poor sleep quality (n = 641) | Good sleep quality (n = 2450) | p valuea | |
| Age (year)b | 56.98 ± 13.06 | 51.48 ± 13.96 | <0.001 | 55.59 ± 12.31 | 50.09 ± 14.21 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 23.72 ± 5.18 | 23.93 ± 5.40 | 0.191 | 23.71 ± 4.78 | 23.72 ± 4.59 | 0.995 |
| CES-D scoreb | 13.96 ± 0.25 | 6.96 ± 0.12 | <0.001 | 13.33 ± 0.40 | 6.65 ± 0.16 | <0.001 |
| Depressionc | 745 (43.46) | 777 (19.03) | <0.001 | 252 (39.31) | 448 (18.28) | <0.001 |
| Male sexc | 845 (49.30) | 869 (51.78) | 0.085 | 305 (47.58) | 1263 (51.55) | 0.074 |
| Current smokerc | 606 (35.36) | 1227 (30.05) | <0.001 | 194 (30.26) | 664 (27.10) | <0.001 |
| Current EtOH drinkerc | 314 (18.32) | 741 (18.15) | 0.877 | 120 (18.72) | 396 (16.16) | 0.122 |
| Habitual tea drinkerc | 400 (23.33) | 931 (22.80) | 0.658 | 153 (23.87) | 516 (21.06) | 0.124 |
| Habitual physical activityc | 669 (39.03) | 1511 (37.01) | 0.146 | 282 (43.99) | 1025 (41.84) | 0.325 |
| Annual family incomec | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| <5000 RMB | 597 (34.83) | 1070 (26.21) | 260 (40.56) | 657 (26.82) | ||
| 5000–10 000 RMB | 610 (35.59) | 1707 (41.81) | 257 (40.09) | 1045 (42.64) | ||
| 10 000–30 000 RMB | 397 (23.16) | 1044 (25.57) | 99 (15.44) | 620 (25.31) | ||
| > 30 000RMB | 17 (0.99) | 120 (2.93) | 6 (0.94) | 50 (2.05) | ||
| N/A | 93 (5.42) | 142 (3.48) | 19 (2.96) | 78 (3.18) | ||
| Educationc | 0.477 | 0.650 | ||||
| < HS | 1605 (93.64) | 3852 (94.34) | 585 (91.26) | 2263 (92.37) | ||
| ≥ HS | 109 (6.36) | 231 (5.66) | 56 (8.74) | 187 (7.63) | ||
| Marriedc | 1629 (95.04) | 3922 (96.06) | 0.08 | 2334 (95.26) | 0.212 | |
| Occupational statusc | 0.878 | 0.408 | ||||
| Farmer | 1263 (73.69) | 3009 (73.70) | 475 (74.10) | 1812 (73.96) | ||
| other | 451 (26.31) | 1074 (26.30) | 166 (25.90) | 638 (26.04) | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CES-D, The Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression; HS, high school; RMB, Chinese Yuan.
a Pearson Chi-Square statistical test for nominal variables and independent samples t-test for continuous variables to assess differences between groups with and without sleep disorder.
b Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.
c Data presented as n (%).