Table 1.

Similarities and differences among the invasion and establishment of Rift Valley fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and African swine fever virus into the United States.

	Rift Valley fever	Japanese encephalitis	African swine fever
Human pathogen	Yes	Yes	No
Vaccine available	No*	Yes	No
Vector-borne potential	Mosquitoes	Mosquitoes	Ticks
Direct transmission	Yes	Yes	Yes
Likely wildlife reservoir	Deer	Birds	Feral hogs
Affected domestic hosts	Goats, sheep, cattle	Pigs	Pigs
Possible route of entry	People, mosquitoes	Mosquitoes	Swine products, fomites

^*Currently there is no vaccine licensed in the U.S., but multiple vaccines have or are being developed.