Table. 1.

The current realm of metabolic reprogramming

Cell type	Biological process	Metabolic alteration	Reference
Solid tumor cell	Proliferation, survival, and oncogenesis	Glycolysis, OXPHOS, PPP, glutaminolysis, and lipolysis	[7, 11]
Leukemia	Cell growth and autophagy	Glutaminolysis, glycolysis, and lipid metabolism	[8, 9]
Macrophages	Macrophages polarization	Glycolysis, l-arginine metabolism, glutaminolysis, OXPHOS, and lipolysis	[21, 22]
T cells	Activation and differentiation	Glycolysis, glutaminolysis, FAO, and PPP	[21, 23]
B cells	Activation, differentiation, and antibody production	Glycolysis, OXPHOS, and PPP	[21, 22, 24]
Dendritic cells	Activation	OXPHOS and glycolysis	[21]
MDSCs	Activation, differentiation, and inflammatory response	Amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, and FAO	[21, 25]
Neutrophils	Microbicidal functions	Glycolysis and PPP	[21]
Natural killer cells	Activation and killing function	Glycolysis and OXPHOS	[26]
Induced pluripotent stem cells	Generation of iPSCs from somatic cells	Glycolysis and OXPHOS	[27]
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)	Survival and activation	glycogen synthesis and glycolysis	[19, 28]
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)	Lineage commitment, proliferation	Glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, FAO	[19, 29]
Erythrocytes	Oxygen release	Glycolysis	[30, 31]

OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; FAO, fatty acids oxidation; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells