Table 1.
Demographics of the participants included in the study.
| Characteristic | N | Mean ± SD/(%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at recruitment (years) | 32,923 | 55.2 ± 8.2 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 15063 | 45.8 |
| Females (%) | 17860 | 54.2 |
| Race (%) | ||
| White | 30263 | 92.3 |
| Chinese | 108 | 0.3 |
| Asian | 807 | 2.5 |
| Black | 889 | 2.7 |
| Mixed/other | 737 | 2.2 |
| Education level (%) | ||
| Less than ‘O’ level | 1942 | 6.7 |
| ‘O’ level | 7030 | 24.3 |
| ‘A’ level | 7740 | 26.8 |
| Degree and above | 12213 | 42.2 |
| Townsend deprivation index | 32,886 | −1.1 ± 2.9 |
| Height (cm) | 32,821 | 169.2 ± 9.2 |
| Smoking status (%) | ||
| Never | 18351 | 55.9 |
| Former | 11334 | 34.5 |
| Current | 3145 | 9.6 |
| Eye laterality (%) | ||
| Right eye | 16325 | 49.6 |
| Left eye | 16598 | 50.4 |
| Visual acuity (logMAR) | 32,923 | −0.07 ± 0.09 |
| Refraction (D) | 32,923 | −0.07 ± 1.91 |
| IOPcc (mmHg) | 32,923 | 15.2 ± 2.9 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 32,730 | 138.3 ± 19.3 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 32,729 | 81.7 ± 10.6 |
IOP = intraocular pressure; logMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; SD = standard deviation.