Calibration and performance of predictive models in the training, internal validation, and external validation sets. Two radiomics models were developed and presented as nomograms to predict the risk of recurrence before (A) and after (B) resection. (C) Plots depict the calibration of each model in each dataset. (D) Time-dependent AUCs for predictive models and staging systems. (E) Comparison of prediction error estimates for established models and staging systems. AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; RFS, recurrence-free survival; ROC, receiver operating characteristic; ERASL, Early Recurrence After Surgery for Liver tumor; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; CLIP, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program; HKLC, Hong Kong Liver Cancer; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer.