Fig. 2.

CD138 expression correlates with cell survival, proliferation, and IL-6 receptor signaling. a Comparison of CD138-high (blue), and negative (or neg in green) myeloma GFP+ subsets for proliferation, apoptosis, and survival factors from ex vivo fresh tumor, pre-gated on live cells. n is shown on each graph. b Freshly isolated myeloma was treated with or without exogenous IL-6 and IL-6 receptor signaling assessed by pSTAT3 intracellular staining on CD138 subsets for murine cells (n = 3). c Comparison of CD138-high and CD138-neg human myeloma (CD19− CD20− CD56+ CD138-high) cells by Annexin V and pSTAT3 (n = 3). All experiments were independently repeated two or more times. Mann–Whitney t tests were used. Errors reflect SD