Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study year | n = (E, C) | Gender | Species | Weight (g) | Model method | Rhein dose (mg/kg) | Duration (weeks) | Control | Outcome index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ai et al., 2004 | 9, 8 | male | rat | 150-190 | STZ (50mg/kg) | 70 | 12 | saline | 1.Urine protein 2. Blood glucose 3.ET |
| Chen et al., 2015a | 6, 6 | male | rat | 170-200 | STZ (50mg/kg) | 150 | 8 | saline | 1.Blood glucose 2.Scr |
| Chen et al., 2015a | 8, 8 | male | rat | 180-220 | high fat-sugar diet 8 weeks and STZ (25mg/kg) | 80 | 8 | saline | 1.Urine protein 2. Blood glucose 3.TGF-β1 mRNA |
| Chen et al., 2015b | 10/11, 10 | male | rat | 180-220 | high fat-sugar diet 4 weeks, STZ (35mg/kg) | 50 100 150 | 10 | saline | 1.urine protein 2. blood glucose 3.Scr |
| Duan et al., 2015 | 6, 6 | male/ female | mice | NR | NR | 120 | 12 | 5%CMC | 1.Blood glucose 2.Scr |
| Gao et al., 2010 | 6, 6 | male/ female | mice | NR | NR | 150 | 12 | saline | 1.Blood glucose 2.Scr |
| Gong et al., 2006 | 24/24, 24 | female | rat | 180-200 | STZ (20mg/kg) 3 times and STZ (10mg/kg) 1 time | 35 70 | 12 | 5%CMC | 1.urine protein 2. blood glucose 3.Scr |
| Guo et al., 2002 | 10, 10 | female | rat | 180 | high fat-sugar diet 1 month and STZ (25mg/kg) | 100 | 24 | 0.5% CMC+ saline | 1.Urine protein 2. Blood glucose |
| Hu et al., 2014 | 20, 20 | male | rat | 200-240 | high fat-sugar diet 2 weeks and STZ (35mg/kg) | 100 | 8 | saline | 1.Blood glucose 2.Scr 3.Urine protein |
| Huang et al., 2004 | 6, 6 | male/ female | mice | NR | NR | 120 | 12 | saline | Blood glucose |
| Huang et al.,2012 | 15, 15 | male | rat | 180-200 | NR | 100 | 6 | purified water | 1.Blood glucose 2. Scr 3.MDA 4.SOD |
| Jia et al., 2007 | 6, 6 | male/ female | mice | NR | NR | 150 | 12 | saline | 1.Blood glucose 2.Scr |
| Jin et al., 2008 | 6, 6 | male | rat | NR | STZ (55mg/kg) | 100 | 8 16 | CMC | 1.Urine protein 2.Scr 3.Kidney tubules injury index 4.Relative area of kidney collagen fiber |
| Li, 2008 | 6, 6 | male | rat | 220-250 | STZ (55mg/kg) | 100 | 8 16 | saline | 1.Urine protein 2.Scr 3.Kidneytubules injury Index 4. Relative area of kidney collagen fiber |
| Li and Yang, 2010 | 8, 8 | male | rat | 200-210 | STZ (65mg/kg) | 100 | 10 | 0.5% CMC | 1.Urine protein 2.Blood glucose |
| Li and Zhen, 2017 | 6, 6 | NR | mice | NR | NR | 25 50 | 12 | saline | 1.Blood glucose 2. Scr 3.MDA 4.SOD |
| Lin et al., 2017 | 12/12, 12 | male | mice | NR | STZ (50mg/kg) | 25 50 | 15 | NR | 1. Blood glucose 2.Scr 3.MDA 4.SOD |
| Liu and Ning,2007 | 20, 20 | male | rat | 220-250 | STZ (60mg/kg) | 150 | 16 | water | 1. Urine protein 2. Blood glucose 3. Kidney tubules injury index 4. Relative area of kidney collagen fiber |
| Qiao et al., 2017 | 8/8/8, 6 | male/ female | rat | 160-180 | high fat-sugar diet 4weeks and STZ (35mg/kg) | 50 100 150 | 8 | saline | 1. Blood glucose 2.Scr |
| Wang et al., 2011 | 8, 8 | male | rat | NR | high fat-sugar diet 8 weeks and STZ (25mg/kg) | 100 | 8 | saline | 1. Urine protein 2. Blood glucose 3.MDA 4.SOD |
| Wang et al., 2012 | 8, 9 | male/ female | rat | 150-180 | STZ (40mg/kg) | 70 | 12 | saline | 1. Urine protein 2. Blood glucose 3.ET |
| Wu, 2015 | 6, 6 | male | mice | NR | NR | 120 | 12 | 5% CMC | 1. Blood glucose 2. Scr |
| Zhang et al., 2005 | 9, 9 | female | rat | 178-196 | high fat-sugar diet 3 month and STZ (25mg/kg) | 100 | 12 | NR | 1. Urine protein 2. Blood glucose 3.TGF-β1 mRNA |
| Zhang et al., 2017 | 6, 8 | male | mice | NR | 0.2% adenine containing diet feeding | 120 | 12 | NR | Scr |
| Zhu et al., 2002 | 8, 8 | male/ female | mice | NR | NR | 120 | 12 | saline | 1. Blood glucose 2.Scr |
NR, not report; STZ, streptozotocin; CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose.