Table 1.
Key Input Data Used in the Model
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Total number of working days per year | 235 | Authors’ assumption |
| Range of malaria episodes per person-year | 0–9 | Authors’ assumption |
| Event distribution | Poisson | 37 |
| Baseline mean number of malaria episodes per year | Age year 0–4, 5–64 | |
| Nationala | 1.0, 0.5 | 38 |
| Regionalb | 39 | |
| Accra | 0.53, 0.27 | |
| Coast | 0.86, 0.43 | |
| Forest | 1.62, 0.81 | |
| North Savannah | 1.29, 0.65 | |
| South Savannah | 0.69, 0.35 | |
| Adult productivity loss for child’s episode of malaria | ||
| Days absent from work to provide care | 2 | 40–47 |
| Productivity loss when absent | 100% | Authors’ assumption |
| Long-term productivity loss in adulthood resulting from malaria in early childhood | ||
| Days at work but with compromised skills | 235 | Authors’ assumption |
| Productivity loss with ≤1 episode of childhood malaria | 0% | Authors’ assumption using48–50 |
| Productivity loss with 2 episodes of childhood malaria | 10% | Authors’ assumption using48–50 |
| Productivity loss with ≥3 episodes of childhood malaria | 25% | Authors’ assumption using48–50 |
a
Asante et al. (2011)38 find 1.3 primary-case-definition episodes per person-years in the first 18 months of life in Ghana. As this study applies episodes for 0 to 4 years of life, and children aged 18 months to 4 years of age have relatively fewer episodes of malaria, we assume 1.0 episode per person-year from 0 to 4 years. Without academic evidence on adult episodes of malaria across regions of Ghana, authors assume 50% fewer episodes for adults than children.