Table 2. Background and risk factors of the patients.
| JPS-16 | Placebo | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 13.9 | 69.2 ± 13.0 | 0.432 |
| Sex | 0.712 | ||
| Male | 10 | 14 | |
| Female | 3 | 3 | |
| Weight (kg) | 59.2 ± 11.6 | 60.1 ± 11.8 | 0.843 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 25) | 2 | 5 | 0.368 |
| Cigarette smoking | 0.469 | ||
| Never | 3 | 6 | |
| Previous | 10 | 11 | |
| Current | 0 | 0 | |
| Brinkman index | 306 ± 361 | 373 ± 442 | 0.661 |
| Hypertension | 9 | 7 | 0.127 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 | 6 | 0.858 |
| COPD | 0 | 1 | 0.373 |
| Hemodialysis | 0 | 1 | 0.374 |
| ACEI | 2 | 2 | 0.772 |
| Restricted ventilation disorder | 2 | 0 | 0.091 |
| Obstructive ventilation disorder | 2 | 3 | 0.859 |
| Operation time (min) | 333.2 ± 86.3 | 319.2 ± 67.5 | 0.622 |
| Off-pump surgery | 1 | 0 | 0.244 |
| On-pump CABG | 5 | 8 | 0.637 |
| CPB time (min) | 146.0 ± 83.5 | 121.1 ± 55.6 | 0.342 |
| Opened pleural cavity | 7 | 13 | 0.192 |
| Disease | |||
| Valvular disease | 5 | 6 | |
| IHD | 6 | 8 | |
| Valvular disease + IHD | 2 | 2 | |
| ASD | 0 | 1 | |
p values were calculated using the Pearson χ2 test for categorical data or the Student’s t-test for continuous data. All continuous data were expressed as mean ± SD. The definition of restricted ventilation disorder is %VC < 80%. The definition of obstructive ventilation disorder is FEV1.0% < 70%. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ASD: atrial septal defect; BMI: body mass index; CPB: cardiopulmonary bypass; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV%1: forced expiratory volume % in one second; IHD: ischemic heart disease; JPS-16: JPS hangekobokuto extract granules; %VC: %vital capacity; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting