Table 1. Patients’ baseline characteristics.
| Variable | Overall LVEF <50% (n = 557) |
Group 1 LVEF 40%–49% (n = 294) |
Group 2 LVEF 30%–39% (n = 145) |
Group 3 LVEF <30% (n = 118) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 62.8 ± 11.7 | 63.5 ± 12.2 | 64.1 ± 10.3 | 59.5 ± 11.6 | 0.002 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 320 (57.4) | 167 (56.8) | 77 (53.1) | 76 (64.4) | 0.173 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 ± 5.5 | 25.7 ± 5.0 | 26.8 ± 5.9 | 25.8 ± 6.2 | 0.397 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 110 (19.7) | 52 (17.6) | 35 (24.1) | 23 (19.4) | 0.279 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 357 (64) | 206 (70.0) | 101 (69.7) | 50 (42.3) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 29 (5.2) | 15 (5.1) | 5 (3.4) | 9 (7.6) | 0.314 |
| PAD, n (%) | 29 (5.2) | 18 (6.1) | 6 (4.1) | 5 (4.2) | 0.589 |
| PHT >60 mmHg, n (%) | 108 (19.4) | 58 (19.7) | 30 (20.7) | 20 (16.9) | 0.600 |
| CAD | |||||
| 1-Vessel, n (%) | 56 (10.0) | 28 (9.5) | 20 (13.8) | 8 (6.8) | |
| 2-Vessels, n (%) | 22 (3.9) | 11 (3.7) | 8 (5.5) | 3 (2.5) | 0.335 |
| 3-Vessels, n (%) | 14 (2.5) | 7 (2.4) | 5 (3.4) | 2 (1.7) | |
| AFIB, n (%) | 215 (38.6) | 124 (42.2) | 77 (53.1) | 37 (31.3) | 0.274 |
| NYHA functional lass | |||||
| I/II, n (%) | 250 (44.9) | 174 (59.2) | 56 (38.6) | 20 (16.9) | |
| III, n (%) | 232 (41.6) | 93 (31.6) | 68 (46.9) | 71 (60.2) | <0.001 |
| IV, n (%) | 75 (13.5) | 27 (9.2) | 21 (14.5) | 27 (22.9) | |
| MR grade | |||||
| Moderate-to-severe, n (%) | 23 (4.1) | 13 (4.4) | 6 (4.1) | 4 (3.3) | 0.893 |
| Severe, n (%) | 534 (95.9) | 281 (95.6) | 138 (95.9) | 114 (96.6) | |
| LVEF, % | 36.8 ± 9.4 | 44.3 ± 2.8 | 33.7 ± 2.8 | 22.2 ± 5.1 | <0.001 |
| Cardiomyopathy | |||||
| Non-ischemic dilated, n (%) | 487 (87.4) | 258 (87.7) | 122 (84.1) | 108 (91.5) | 0.186 |
| Ischemic, n (%) | 70 (12.6) | 36 (12.3) | 23 (15.9) | 10 (8.5) | |
| Logistic EuroSCORE, % | 7.2 ± 5.7 | 6.3 ± 4.8 | 7.4 ± 6.0 | 9.3 ± 6.7 | <0.001 |
AFIB: atrial fibrillation; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MR: mitral regurgitation; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PAD: peripheral arterial disease