Table 2.
Results from exploratory factor analysis after varimax rotation and internal consistency of CVZHSS
| Item code | Describe Your Opinion about Each Situation | Factor Loading (n = 5373) | Stigma rate (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fear | Moral | Personal | Community | |||
| C1R | You could become infected with HIV if you are kissing PLWH | 0.79 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 56.5 |
| C2R | You could become infected with HIV if you are exposed to cough of PLWH | 0.67 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 33.8 |
| C3R | You could become infected with HIV if you are exposed to the saliva of PLWH | 0.83 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 61.2 |
| C4R | You could become infected with HIV if you are exposed to the sweat of PLWH | 0.80 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.17 | 44.3 |
| C5R | You could become infected with HIV if you are exposed to the urine of PLWH | 0.81 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 53.7 |
| C6R | You could become infected with HIV if you are playing with PLWH | 0.57 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 43.0 |
| C7R | HIV is punishment for bad behavior | 0.18 | 0.70 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 29.9 |
| C8R | It is women prostitutes who spread HIV | 0.18 | 0.76 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 31.8 |
| C9R | PLWHA are promiscuous | 0.16 | 0.78 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 30.4 |
| C10R | Only PLWHA caused by blood transfusion should be cared for and treated | 0.17 | 0.66 | 0.13 | 0.41 | 24.1 |
| C11R | Youths might be badly influenced by PLWHA and participate in illegal activities | 0.19 | 0.67 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 41.1 |
| C12R | Only PLWHA who stopped illegal activities should be given care and treatment | 0.14 | 0.61 | 0.20 | 0.26 | 39.0 |
| C13 | Doctors should treat PLWHA the same as other patients | −0.02 | 0.15 | 0.59 | 0.36 | 22.7 |
| C14 | PLWHA should be allowed to work with others | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.81 | 0.07 | 42.5 |
| C15 | PLWHA should be allowed to participate in social activities | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.78 | 0.19 | 32.1 |
| C16R | PLWHA should be segregated | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.26 | 43.1 |
| C17 | PLWHA should be treated the same like other patients | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.64 | 0.40 | 23.4 |
| C18 | PLWHA but not yet showing symptoms should be allowed to continue teaching | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.69 | 0.00 | 52.8 |
| C19R | PLWHA should be abandoned by his/her family | 0.17 | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.77 | 19.2 |
| C20c | I am willing to make friends with PLWHb | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.60 | 0.03 | 56.1 |
| C21R | PLWHA would be dispelled by his/her family | 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.83 | 21.1 |
| C22R | PLWHA would be insulted by his/her classmates | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.84 | 21.2 |
| C23R | PLWHA would be stigmatized and discriminated | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.12 | 0.85 | 18.2 |
| C24R | PLWHA would be abandoned by his partner or spouse | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.69 | 29.3 |
| Eigenvalue | 2.48 | 2.06 | 1.32 | 9.32 | ||
| % of variance accounted for after rotation | 10.34 | 8.60 | 5.50 | 38.82 | ||
| Cronbach’s alpha | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.92 | ||
| Stigma rate (%)a | 74.4 | 61.6 | 79.0 | 36.5 | ||
R: reverse-coded items. a based on the whole sample (n = 10,665) b PLWH: people living with HIV
Bold indicating items that can be explicitly assigned to a single factor (factor loading > 0.40 and did not load on multiple factors)
Items 1–6 loaded on “fear of casual transmission”; Items 7–12 loaded on “Moral judgment”; Items 13–18 and Item 20 loaded on “personal stigma”
Item 19 and Items 21–24 loaded on “perceive community stigma”. c Except I20, all other items loaded on the given factor from the original scale