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. 2019 Dec 19;19:254. doi: 10.1186/s12890-019-1025-1

Table 1.

Characteristics of participants that had not or had been hospitalised for pneumonia during the period 2000–2010 (% and mean ± SD)

No hospitalisation (n = 7168) At least one hospitalisation (n = 119) p-value
Women 3738 (52.2) 73 (61.3) 0.047
Age 40.5 ± 7.3 43.2 ± 7.6 < 0.001
BMI < 0.001
  < 20 387 (5.4) 18 (15.4)
 20–25 3681 (51.8) 41 (35.0)
 25–30 2450 (34.5) 41 (35.0)
  > 30 582 (8.2) 17 (14.5)
Smoking < 0.001
 Never 3620 (51.8) 48 (40.7)
 Ex 1828 (26.1) 20 (17.0)
 Current 1544 (22.1) 50 (42.4)
 Passive smokinga 178 (3.3) 3 (4.5) 0.58
 Asthma 561 (7.8) 26 (21.8) < 0.001
 Nasal allergy 1728 (24.5) 34 (29.7) 0.22
 Hypertension 459 (6.5) 11 (9.3) 0.22
 Heart disease 73 (1.0) 5 (4.2) 0.001
 Diabetes 131 (1.8) 3 (2.6) 0.56
 Habitual snoring 1385 (20.0) 23 (20.4) 0.93
 Gastroesophageal reflux 618 (8.8) 11 (9.7) 0.72

aOnly calculated in never and ex-smokers