Table I.

Typical cancer-associated lncRNAs identified by microarray.

Author, year	LncRNA	Cancer type	Biological function	Mechanism	(Refs.)
Rinn et al, 2007; Botti et al, 2017	HOTAIR	Breast, gastric, colorectal and cervical	Promotes metastasis	Acts as scaffold for the chromatin repressors PRC2 and LSD1. Silences HoxD and other gene loci	(11,12)
He et al, 2017	MEG3	Hepatocellular	Tumor suppressor; inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis	miR-29 regulates expression of MEG3 in methylation-dependent pattern	(13)
Tee et al, 2016	MALAT1	Neuroblastoma, bladder, lung and gastric	Promotes cell proliferation and metastasis	Promotes tumor-driven angiogenesis by upregulating pro-angiogenic gene expression	(31)
Ji et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2017	LINC00152	Hepatocellular and lung	Promotes proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis	Affects mechanistic targets of mTOR, Akt and EGFR pathways	(33,35)
Zhu et al, 2016	LOC572558	Bladder	Tumor suppressor; inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis	Regulates the p53 signaling pathway	(37)
Prensner et al, 2014; Smolle et al, 2017	SCHLAP1	Prostate	Biomarker for metastatic	Unknown progression	(54,55)
Li et al, 2016	GAS5	Breast	Prognostic marker; suppresses cancer proliferation	Acts as a molecular sponge for miR-21, leading to the de-repression of phosphatase and tensin homologs	(57)

LncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs; HOTAIR, hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA; PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2; LSD1, histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase; MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3; miR, microRNA; MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1; mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; SChLAP1, second chromosome locus associated with prostate-1; GAS5, growth arrest-specific transcript 5.