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. 2019 Nov 21;19(1):725–734. doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.11133

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Copyright: © Li et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 1. — Role of macrophages in PM2.5-induced angiogenesis in LLC cells. (A) Cytotoxicity of PM2.5 in RAW264.7 cell, H1299 cells, LLC and A549 cells treated with different concentrations of PM2.5 for 48 h was measured using MTT assays (n=4). (B) No significantly elevated expression of several angiogenic cytokines (VEGF-A, MMP-9, PDGF and bFGF) was identified in LLC cells following direct exposure to 500 µg/ml PM2.5 for 3 h. LLC cells treated without PM2.5 were used as a control. (C) Increased mRNA expression levels of angiogenic cytokines, including VEGF-A, MMP-9, PDGF and bFGF, in LLC cells was observed following exposure to 500 µg/ml PM2.5-induced RAW264.7 supernatant for 3 h, using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR assays. LLC cells treated without PM2.5-induced RAW264.7 supernatant were used as a control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments and were analyzed using ANOVA. **P<0.01 vs. control; ***P<0.001 vs. control. (D) Following exposure to 500 µg/ml PM2.5 for 3 h, increased VEGF-A mRNA expression was observed in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells treated without PM2.5 were used as a control. **P<0.01 vs. control. (E) Increased VEGF protein expression was detected in RAW264.7 supernatant following exposure to 500 µg/ml PM2.5 for 12 h. The OD value of VEGF was determined using ELISA. RAW264.7 cells treated without PM2.5 were used as a control. **P<0.01 vs. control. (F) CD47 mRNA expression was increased in LLC cells following exposure to 500 µg/ml PM2.5-induced RAW264.7 supernatant. LLC cells treated without PM2.5-induced RAW264.7 supernatant were used as a control. ***P<0.001 vs. RAW264.7 supernatant. (G) High expression levels of SIRP-α were detected in PM2.5-induced RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells treated without PM2.5 were used as a control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments and were analyzed using a t-test. *P<0.05 vs. PM2.5 0 µg/ml. PM, particle matter; LLC, Lewis lung carcinoma; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A; MMP-9, matric metallopeptidase 9; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; OD, optical density; SIRP-α, signal regulatory protein α.