Table 1.
Patient characteristics at acute HF presentation by congestion group
| Characteristic | No JVP or Peripheral Edema (N=1096) |
JVP Only (N=714) |
Peripheral Edema Only (N=2036) |
Both JVP and Peripheral Edema (N=3289) |
P- Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65 (55, 76) | 64 (53, 73) | 69 (59, 77) | 66 (56, 76) | <.001 |
| Female | 391 (35.7%) | 248 (34.7%) | 714 (35.1%) | 1088 (33.1%) | 0.300 |
| White | 482 (44.0%) | 318 (44.5%) | 1467 (72.1%) | 1717 (52.2%) | |
| Black | 74 (6.8%) | 90 (12.6%) | 235 (11.5%) | 678 (20.6%) | |
| Asian | 528 (48.2%) | 267 (37.4%) | 286 (14.0%) | 685 (20.8%) | |
| Other | 12 (1.1%) | 39 (5.5%) | 48 (2.4%) | 208 (6.3%) | |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (21.9, 28.1) | 24.7 (21.5, 29.1) | 29.6 (25.5, 35.1) | 28.2 (24.2, 33.1) | <.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 28 (21, 35) | 25 (20, 34) | 30 (22, 40) | 28 (20, 35) | <.001 |
| Orthopnea | 667 (61.0%) | 537 (75.3%) | 1470 (72.3%) | 2806 (85.4%) | <.001 |
| Rales >1/3 lung fields | 503 (45.9%) | 387 (54.2%) | 963 (47.3%) | 1880 (57.2%) | <.001 |
| NYHA classification | <.001 | ||||
| I | 46 (4.2%) | 23 (3.2%) | 66 (3.2%) | 120 (3.6%) | |
| II | 200 (18.2%) | 101 (14.1%) | 358 (17.6%) | 439 (13.3%) | |
| III | 405 (37.0%) | 269 (37.7%) | 724 (35.6%) | 1454 (44.2%) | |
| IV | 306 (27.9%) | 210 (29.4%) | 419 (20.6%) | 748 (22.7%) | |
| Baseline SBP (mm Hg) | 122 (110, 139) | 120 (110, 135) | 127 (113, 140) | 122 (110, 139) | <.001 |
| Prior MI | 384 (35.0%) | 258 (36.1%) | 712 (35.0%) | 1133 (34.4%) | 0.853 |
| Prior AF/Flutter | 313 (28.6%) | 204 (28.6%) | 875 (43.0%) | 1280 (38.9%) | <.001 |
| Hypertension by history | 689 (62.9%) | 440 (61.6%) | 1539 (75.6%) | 2478 (75.3%) | <.001 |
| Prior diabetes mellitus | 380 (34.7%) | 259 (36.3%) | 866 (42.5%) | 1538 (46.8%) | <.001 |
| Prior cerebrovascular disease | 92 (8.4%) | 82 (11.5%) | 252 (12.4%) | 415 (12.6%) | 0.002 |
| Prior PAD | 83 (7.6%) | 60 (8.4%) | 226 (11.1%) | 371 (11.3%) | <.001 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 619 (56.5%) | 419 (58.8%) | 1274 (62.6%) | 2024 (61.5%) | 0.005 |
| Beta blockers | 556 (50.8%) | 393 (55.1%) | 1243 (61.1%) | 1964 (59.7%) | <.001 |
| MRAs (aldosterone antagonists) | 272 (24.8%) | 194 (27.2%) | 604 (29.7%) | 922 (28.0%) | 0.037 |
| Calcium antagonists | 116 (10.6%) | 79 (11.1%) | 296 (14.5%) | 432 (13.1%) | 0.006 |
| Loop diuretics | 562 (51.4%) | 408 (57.1%) | 1332 (65.5%) | 2235 (68.0%) | <.001 |
| Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | <.001 |
| Baseline BUN (mg/dL) | 22 (17, 33) | 25 (18, 38) | 24 (18, 37) | 27 (19, 42) | <.001 |
| Baseline sodium (mmol/L) | 139 (136, 141) | 138 (136, 141) | 139 (136, 142) | 139 (136, 141) | <.001 |
| Baseline BNP (pg/mL) | 1029 (541, 2130) | 921 (417, 1586) | 907 (558, 1592) | 1067 (572, 1953) | <.001 |
| Baseline NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 3694 (1690, 7781) | 4842 (2456, 8973) | 3909 (1875, 8004) | 5150 (2490, 10745) | <.001 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 619 (56.5%) | 419 (58.8%) | 1274 (62.6%) | 2024 (61.5%) | 0.005 |
| Beta blockers | 556 (50.8%) | 393 (55.1%) | 1243 (61.1%) | 1964 (59.7%) | <.001 |
| MRAs (aldosterone antagonists) | 272 (24.8%) | 194 (27.2%) | 604 (29.7%) | 922 (28.0%) | 0.037 |
| Calcium antagonists | 116 (10.6%) | 79 (11.1%) | 296 (14.5%) | 432 (13.1%) | 0.006 |
| Loop diuretics | 562 (51.4%) | 408 (57.1%) | 1332 (65.5%) | 2235 (68.0%) | <.001 |
Variables expressed as median (25th, 75th) percentile or no. (%) if continuous or categorical, respectively, unless otherwise specified. P value
ACE=angiotensin converting enzyme; AF=atrial fibrillation; ARB=angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI=body mass index; BNP=brain natriuretic peptide; BUN=blood urea nitrogen; JVP=jugular venous pressure; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; MI=myocardial infarction; MRA= mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA=New York Heart Association; PAD=peripheral artery disease; SBP=systolic blood pressure.