Table 1.

Genes in which the Alu element is part of the main coding isoform

Gene	Gene family age	Function
BEND2	Euteleostomi	Unknown function. Expressed in testis. Alu element inserts a whole exon into the highly divergent N-terminal.
HSD17B7	Fungi-Metazoa	3-keto-steroid reductase, part of the estrogen synthesis pathway. Adds eight amino acids to the N-terminal.
NLRP1	Euteleostomi	Part of the NLRP1 inflammasome (64). The Alu region corresponds to an inserted exon that adds 27 amino acids.
NPIPB6	Simiiformes	Unknown function. Expressed in testis. Represents a primate-derived sub-family with three Alu inserts. All three extend exons.
TTF1	Chordata	Transcript termination factor in ribosome biogenesis. The Alu element adds 23 amino acids to the C-terminal.
USP19	Fungi-Metazoa	A multi-functional deubiquitinating enzyme. The Alu element extends exon 2 by 46 amino acids.
ZNF101	Bilateria	Unknown function. The Alu element inserts 49 base pairs and a stop codon into the 3′ exon of the CDS.
ZNF394	Euteleostomi	A transcriptional repressor in MAP kinase signaling (65). The element adds 8 amino acids to the C-terminal.
ZNF433	Bilateria	Activation of beta-catenin/TCF signaling. The Alu region changes a single amino acid at the C-terminal.
ZNF669	Bilateria	Unknown function. Adds 22 amino acids to the stop codon.
ZNF91	Bilateria	SVA transposable element repressor (66). The Alu element displaces two zinc finger motifs while adding 33 amino acids.

Gene family age is the age of the oldest common ancestor of the gene family.