Table 2 –

The prevalence of depression symptoms in males and females determined by the CES-D-10 cut-off ≥8

	CES-D-10 ≥8
Demographic categories	Male		Female
	%	95% CI	%	95% CI
Total prevalence	7.6	6.4, 8.8	11.6	10.1, 13.0
Age group (years)
≤ 74	7.4	6.7, 8.2	11.5	10.7, 12.3
75 – 84	7.5	6.6, 8.5	11.8	10.9, 12.8
≥ 85	10.4	7.4, 14.5	10.8	8.2, 14.1
Country
Australia	7.4	4.6, 13.2	13.2	9.1, 17.4
The United States	8.9	6.2, 8.7	11.3	9.8, 12.8
Living status
At home alone	12.0	8.9, 15.1	13.1	10.7, 15.5
At home with family, friends or a spouse	6.4	5.1, 7.6	10.4	8.6, 12.2
In a residential home1	16.1	(5/31)*	19.2	(10/52)*
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino	10.4	1.8, 19.0	15.0	5.0, 25.0
Not Hispanic or Latino	7.5	6.3, 8.7	11.5	10.1, 12.9
Race
White	7.3	2.7, 18.3	11.3	6.1, 19.8
African American	12.6	7.4, 20.5	15.4	9.5, 23.9
Other	8.8	4.5, 16.4	18.5	12.2, 27.1
Language
English	7.6	6.4, 8.9	11.5	10.1, 13.0
Not English	6.5	1.4, 11.7	12.6	5.1, 20.1
Education (years)
Less than 12	8.1	6.4, 9.8	12.3	10.4, 14.1
More than 12	6.9	5.2, 8.6	10.6	8.4, 12.7
Smoking status
Current	13.6	6.3, 20.9	16.5	7.0, 26.1
Former or never	7.3	6.1, 8.5	11.4	10.0, 12.9
Alcohol use
Current	7.2	6.1, 8.6	11.2	7.6, 16.2
Former	12.2	7.7, 18.7	15.3	11.7, 19.8
Never	7.1	4.2, 11.7	11.9	6.2, 21.8
Physical health
≤ 50 score	10.6	8.5, 12.7	14.2	12.0, 16.3
> 50 score	5.3	3.9, 6.6	8.7	6.8, 10.5
Mental health
≤ 50 score	26.7	21.7, 31.6	31.3	26.4, 35.8
> 50 score	4.0	3.0, 4.9	6.6	5.3, 7.8

Note: CESD-10: Center for epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (1o items), CI: Confidence Interval.

¹supervised care or assisted living.

^*not enough data to calculate confidence interval.