Table 3–
Factors associated with depressive symptoms as measured by the CES-D-10 cut-offs ≥8 and ≥10
| CES-D-10 cut-off | CES-D-10 ≥8 | CES-D-10 ≥10 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factors | Female OR (95% CI) |
Male OR (95% CI) |
Female OR (95% CI) |
Male OR (95% CI) |
|
| 1. Age 1 | 75 – 84 years 85 + years |
0.9 (0.9 – 1.12) 0.8 (0.6 – 1.15) * |
0.9 (0.8 – 1.2) 1.2 (0.8 – 1.8) * |
0.9 (0.8 – 1.2) 0.8 (0.5 – 1.2) * |
0.9 (0.8 – 1.2) 0.8 (0.5 – 1.6) * |
| 2. Living status | At home alone | 1.3 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.3) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 2.1 (1.6, 2.7) |
| In a residential home | 2.2 (1.1, 4.4) | 2.7 (1.0, 7.0) | 2.1 (0.8, 5.2) | 4.6 (1.6, 13.5) | |
| 3. Education | ≤12yrs education | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4)** | 1.1 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) |
| 4. Smoking history | Current smoker | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9)** | 1.8 (1.3, 2.4)** | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3)* | 2.4 (1.6, 3.4)** |
| 5. Race | Non-White | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9)** | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9)* | 1.7 (1.3, 2.3)** | 1.2 (0.8, 1.8) |
| 6. Race | African American | 1.4 (1.1, 1.08)* | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) * | 1.3 (0.8, 2.2) |
| 7. Ethnicity | Latino | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.80) |
| 8. Language | Non-English | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) |
| 9. Alcohol used | ** | * | |||
| Former | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) | |
| Never | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | |
| 10. Number of alcohol# | ** | ** | |||
| (drinks per day) | 5–8 Drinks | 2.2 (1.2, 4.2) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 1.8 (0.8, 4.3) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) |
| ≥9 Drinks | 1.8 (0.6, 5.5) | 2.0 (1.2, 3.2) | 1.6 (0.4, 7.1) | 1.6 (0.8, 3.2) | |
| 11. Weekend drinking# | More alcohol on weekend | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.8) ** |
Note: CES-D-10: Center for Epidemiological Studies Short Form Depression Scale (10 items). OR: Odds ratio. CI: Confidence interval.
- Age was not a significant factor. Variables 2 – 4 are components of the base model when each of these variables is significant; variables 5–8 are inserted into the base model one at a time due to multicollinearity; variables 9 – 11 are inserted one at a time into the base model plus race (variable 4). Reference group: (1) at home with family, friends or a spouse. (2) less than 12 years formal education, (3) former or never, 4, and 5 White, (6) non-Latino, (7) English, (8) current, (9) 1–4 drinks, (10) no more alcohol on weekend.
non-drinkers have been excluded.
: significant at p < 0.05,
: significant at p < 0.01.