Table 1. Baseline characteristics of AKI vs. non-AKI.
| Risk factor | AKI | No-AKI | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, (SD) | 66 (13) | 63 (12) | < 0.001 |
| Female sex, (%) | 222 (29%) | 806 (25%) | 0.019 |
| BMI, kg/m2, (SD) | 27 (7.3) | 27 (8.6) | 0.018 |
| Diabetes, (%) | 88 (12%) | 385 (13%) | 0.88 |
| Hypertension, (%) | 289 (41%) | 1171 (39%) | 0.26 |
| Smoker, (%) | 457 (72%) | 2215 (76%) | 0.016 |
| Extra cardiac arteriopathy, (%) | 30 (4.0%) | 124 (3.9%) | 0.85 |
| Family history of ischemic heart disease, (%) | 195 (32%) | 976 (36%) | 0.034 |
| Hyperlipidemia, (%) | 182 (28%) | 813 (29%) | 0.67 |
| History of MI, (%) | 72 (10%) | 276 (8.9%) | 0.32 |
| Previous PCI, (%) | 58 (7.6%) | 303 (9.4%) | 0.14 |
| Previous CABG, (%) | 20 (2.6%) | 50 (1.6%) | 0.039 |
| History of stroke, (%) | 47 (6.1%) | 139 (4.3%) | 0.022 |
| History of heart failure, (%) | 40 (5.5%) | 81 (2.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock pre-procedure, (%) | 38 (5.4%) | 74 (2.4%) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac Arrest pre-procedure, (%) | 78 (11%) | 204 (6.7%) | < 0.001 |
| Contrast volume, mililiters, (SD) | 114 (62) | 111 (60) | 0.15 |
| Procedure length, minutes, (SD) | 38 (24) | 34 (20) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine on admission, μmol/l, (SD) | 81 (43) | 84 (39) | 0.08 |
| Creatinine peak, μmol/l, (SD) | 125 (83) | 91 (41) | <0.001 |
| eGFR at admission, ml/min, (SD) | 67 (28) | 76 (18) | < 0.001 |
| Contrast volume/eGFR ratio, (SD) | 2.5 (3.0) | 1.6 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF, %*, (IQR) | 40 (30–50) | 45 (35–50) | < 0.001 |
| Peak Troponin T, mg/l*, (IQR) | 5.7 (2.2–12) | 3.0 (1.1–6,3) | < 0.001 |
| Time to pPCI, hours*, (IQR) | 3.4 (2.3–5.4) | 2.8 (2.1–4.4) | < 0.001 |
AKI = Acute Kidney Injury; BMI = Body Mass Index; MI = Myocardial Infarction; pPCI = Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
CABG = Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; LVEF = Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, eGFR = Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate
SD = ± Standard Deviation, IQR = Interquartile Range
*Median
(%) is percentage of total for each group
Creatinine peak is within 3 days after time of admission
Time to PCI is from symptom onset to balloon dilatation and is measured in hours
Cardiac arrest pre-procedure refers to patients who have been successfully resuscitated
LVEF: Values were only present for 993 out of 4002 patients.