Table 2.
Prevalence of hypertension among migrant workers in China
| Characteristics | Male | Female | Total | ||||||
| No of hypertension | Prevalence (%, 95% CI) | P value | No of hypertension | Prevalence (%, 95% CI) | P value | No of hypertension | Prevalence (%, 95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| 18–44 | 3000 | 17.3 (16.5 to 18.1) | <0.0001 | 1241 | 7.6 (7.06 to 8.1) | <0.0001 | 4241 | 13.0 (12.5 to 13.5) | <0.0001 |
| 45–59 | 2635 | 39.9 (38.3 to 41.4) | 1356 | 28.3 (26.6 to 30.0) | 3991 | 36.8 (35.6 to 38.0) | |||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Unmarried | 466 | 8.6 (7.6 to 9.6) | <0.0001 | 90 | 2.3 (1.67 to 3.0) | <0.0001 | 556 | 6.1 (5.5 to 6.8) | <0.0001 |
| Married/cohabitating | 5050 | 24.3 (23.4 to 25.2) | 2423 | 10.8 (10.1 to 11.4) | 7473 | 18.4 (17.9 to 19.0) | |||
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 119 | 21.1 (16.9 to 25.3) | 84 | 11.2 (7.7 to 14.7) | 203 | 16.4 (13.6 to 19.3) | |||
| Educational level | |||||||||
| Illiterate or primary school | 827 | 21.6 (19.9 to 23.3) | 0.0074 | 897 | 15.3 (13.9 to 16.7) | <0.0001 | 1724 | 18.4 (17.3 to 19.6) | <0.0001 |
| Junior high school | 2282 | 21.1 (20.1 to 22.2) | 969 | 9.3 (8.5 to 10.1) | 3251 | 16.2 (15.5 to 16.9) | |||
| Senior high school | 1548 | 20.5 (19.2 to 21.8) | 492 | 7.5 (6.5 to 8.5) | 2040 | 15.4 (14.5 to 16.2) | |||
| College graduate or above | 978 | 18.5 (17.1 to 19.8) | 239 | 5.1 (4.2 to 5.9) | 1217 | 12.8 (11.9 to 13.7) | |||
| Industry sector | |||||||||
| Manufacturing | 1013 | 19.6 (18.0 to 21.2) | 0.0177 | 374 | 8.1 (7.0 to 9.1) | 0.0050 | 1387 | 14.4 (13.4 to 15.4) | <0.0001 |
| Wholesale and retail trade | 754 | 20.9 (19.2 to 22.6) | 595 | 9.4 (8.4 to 10.5) | 1349 | 15.3 (14.3 to 16.3) | |||
| Accommodation and catering | 645 | 18.3 (16.7 to 19.9) | 448 | 8.8 (7.7 to 10.0) | 1093 | 13.6 (12.6 to 14.6) | |||
| Services | 774 | 20.4 (18.7 to 22.1) | 449 | 8.9 (7.9 to 10.0) | 1223 | 14.7 (13.7 to 15.7) | |||
| Construction | 1316 | 22.9 (21.5 to 24.3) | 321 | 13.2 (11.5 to 14.9) | 1637 | 21.6 (20.3 to 22.9) | |||
| Other | 1126 | 21.1 (19.5 to 22.6) | 405 | 9.7 (8.4 to 11.1) | 1531 | 16.9 (15.8 to 18.0) | |||
| Annual household income (RMB, in quartiles) | |||||||||
| ＜20 000 | 949 | 19.6 (18.1 to 21.1) | 0.0465 | 1237 | 10.2 (9.4 to 11.1) | 0.0006 | 2186 | 13.6 (12.8 to 14.4) | <0.0001 |
| 20 000~ | 1166 | 20.8 (19.3 to 22.2) | 680 | 8.7 (7.8 to 9.5) | 1846 | 14.5 (13.60 to 15.3) | |||
| 26 000~ | 685 | 18.7 (17.1 to 20.3) | 272 | 7.6 (6.4 to 8.8) | 957 | 14.0 (12.9 to 15.1) | |||
| ≥36 000 | 2835 | 21.1 (20.1 to 22.1) | 408 | 8.0 (6.9 to 9.1) | 3243 | 18.3 (17.5 to 19.2) | |||
| Inflow area | |||||||||
| South | 2379 | 16.8 (15.8 to 17.7) | <0.0001 | 1162 | 7.4 (6.8 to 8.1) | <0.0001 | 3541 | 12.7 (12.1 to 13.3) | <0.0001 |
| North | 3233 | 24.4 (23.3 to 25.6) | 1397 | 10.6 (9.7 to 11.5) | 4630 | 18.7 (17.9 to 19.5) | |||
| Migration time (year) | |||||||||
| <2 | 1073 | 15.8 (14.6 to 17.0) | <0.0001 | 484 | 7.4 (6.4 to 8.4) | <0.0001 | 1557 | 12.2 (11.4 to 13.0) | <0.0001 |
| 2~ | 1297 | 18.9 (17.6 to 20.1) | 656 | 8.4 (7.5 to 9.3) | 1953 | 14.1 (13.3 to 14.9) | |||
| 4.5~ | 1258 | 20.1 (18.8 to 21.0) | 868 | 8.6 (7.6 to 9.6) | 1847 | 15.1 (14.2 to 16.0) | |||
| ≥10 | 2007 | 26.2 (24.8 to 27.5) | 2597 | 11.8 (10.7 to 12.9) | 2875 | 20.7 (19.8 to 21.7) | |||
| Working hours (hour) | |||||||||
| <8 | 358 | 24.6 (21.7 to 27.5) | 0.0110 | 268 | 10.3 (8.5 to 12.2) | 0.4672 | 626 | 17.1 (15.3 to 18.8) | 0.2464 |
| 8~ | 3448 | 20.5 (19.6 to 21.4) | 1550 | 8.8 (8.2 to 9.4) | 4998 | 15.5 (14.9 to 16.1) | |||
| ≥10 | 1829 | 19.7 (18.5 to 20.8) | 779 | 9.0 (8.1 to 9.9) | 2608 | 15.4 (14.6 to 16.2) | |||
| Total static behaviour time (hour) | |||||||||
| <4 | 2664 | 20.1 (19.1 to 21.0) | 0.2332 | 1242 | 10.21 (9.4 to 11.0) | <0.0001 | 3906 | 16.10 (15.4 to 16.8) | 0.0244 |
| ≥4 | 2971 | 20.8 (19.8 to 21.7) | 1355 | 8.10 (7.5 to 8.7) | 4326 | 15.14 (14.5 to 15.8) | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| <18.5 | 2648 | 16.0 (15.2 to 16.7) | <0.0001 | 1711 | 7.00 (6.50 to 7.50) | <0.0001 | 4359 | 11.4 (10.9 to 11.8) | <0.0001 |
| 18.5–23.9 | 2180 | 22.5 (21.3 to 23.6) | 786 | 16.29 (14.8 to 17.8) | 2966 | 20.8 (19.9 to 21.8) | |||
| ≥24 | 807 | 45.4 (42.6 to 48.2) | 100 | 37.63 (29.4 to 45.9) | 907 | 44.7 (42.0 to 47.3) | |||
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Non-current smoker | 2980 | 19.5 (18.6 to 20.4) | 0.0003 | 2554 | 8.6 (5.2 to 12.0) | 0.8346 | 5209 | 13.79 (13.3 to 14.3) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker | 2655 | 21.7 (20.7 to 22.7) | 43 | 9.0 (8.5 to 9.5) | 3023 | 19.20 (18.3 to 20.1) | |||
| Alcohol consumption in the past 12 months | |||||||||
| Never drinking | 1553 | 18.6 (17.5 to 19.7) | <0.0001 | 2167 | 9.8 (9.2 to 10.4) | <0.0001 | 3720 | 12.7 (12.2 to 13.3) | <0.0001 |
| Drinking but not excessive | 2681 | 18.5 (17.6 to 19.4) | 381 | 6.3 (5.4 to 7.1) | 3062 | 15.6 (14.8 to 16.3) | |||
| Excessive drinking | 1401 | 30.4 (28.7 to 32.1) | 49 | 12.2 (7.7 to 16.8) | 1450 | 29.3 (27.7 to 31.0) | |||
| Vegetable and fruit intake | |||||||||
| Insufficient intake | 2609 | 20.3 (19.2 to 21.3) | 0.5626 | 1120 | 9.8 (9.0 to 10.7) | 0.0043 | 3729 | 16.1 (15.4 to 16.8) | 0.0198 |
| Adequate intake | 3025 | 20.6 (19.7 to 21.5) | 1476 | 8.4 (7.7 to 9.0) | 4501 | 15.1 (14.5 to 15.7) | |||
| Red meat intake | |||||||||
| Normal intake | 2232 | 22.5 (21.3 to 23.7) | <0.0001 | 1362 | 9.4 (8.6 to 10.2) | 0.0997 | 3594 | 15.9 (15.2 to 16.7) | 0.1773 |
| Excessive intake | 3403 | 19.3 (18.4 to 20.1) | 1235 | 8.6 (7.9 to 9.2) | 4638 | 15.3 (14.7 to 15.9) | |||
| Participants with diabetes | |||||||||
| Yes | 248 | 45.7 (40.5 to 51.0) | <0.0001 | 146 | 41.6 (32.8 to 50.3) | <0.0001 | 394 | 44.6 (40.1 to 49.1) | <0.0001 |
| No | 5387 | 20.0 (19.3 to 20.7) | 2451 | 8.7 (8.2 to 9.2) | 7838 | 15.2 (14.7 to 15.6) | |||
| Stroke patients | |||||||||
| Yes | 57 | 54.9 (38.1 to 71.7) | <0.0001 | 35 | 25.7 (5.8 to 45.6) | 0.0116 | 92 | 46.9 (32.6 to 61.1) | <0.0001 |
| No | 24 111 | 20.4 (19.7 to 21.1) | 19 388 | 8.9(8.4 to 9.5) | 43 499 | 15.5 (15.0 to 16.0) | |||
| Myocardial infarction patients | |||||||||
| Yes | 33 | 48.9 (27.3 to 70.5) | 0.0014 | 26 | 21.9 (2.1 to 41.8) | 0.0636 | 59 | 39.6 (22.6 to 56.5) | 0.0002 |
| No | 24 135 | 20.4 (19.7 to 21.1) | 19 397 | 9.0 (8.4 to 9.5) | 43 532 | 15.5 (15.1 to 16.0) | |||
| Total | 5635 | 20.4 (19.7 to 21.2) | – | 2597 | 9.0 (8.5 to 9.5) | – | 8232 | 15.6 (15.1 to 16.1) | – |
The values outside the columns are all prevalence and the values inside the columns are 95% CI. All prevalences were weighted with complex survey design weights; the 95% CIs take into account the complex sampling design. Rao-Scott χ2 tests were conducted to test for differences in prevalence for unordered categorical variables and logistic regression models were used to examine the trends for ordered categorical variables.
BMI, body mass index.