Table 1.

Basic characteristics of the participants

Variables	Normotension (n=832)	Prehypertension (n=789)	Hypertension (n=458)	χ2/Z	P value
Sex (%)				135.625	<0.001
Male	32.57	58.68	58.52
Female	67.43	41.32	41.48
Age (years)	36.42±10.59	41.38±12.71	48.93±12.75	267.206	<0.001
Marital status (%)				21.287	<0.001
Currently not married	23.20	18.76	12.66
Currently married	76.80	81.24	87.34
Education level (%)				101.355	<0.001
Elementary school and lower	15.87	21.55	36.46
Secondary school	36.30	38.53	39.96
Senior high school and higher	47.83	39.92	23.58
Physical activity (%)				2.688	0.611
Seldom or never	35.70	34.22	31.22
Moderate	17.43	18.25	18.78
High	46.87	47.53	50.00
Smoker (%)				50.346	<0.001
Non-smoker	82.25	71.61	67.90
Smoker	16.18	26.87	28.61
Former smoker	0.97	1.52	3.49
Drinker (%)				30.865	<0.001
Non-drinker	84.11	76.34	72.53
Drinker	14.91	22.39	24.62
Former drinker	0.98	1.27	2.85
BMI				255.012	<0.001
<18.5	13.70	5.20	2.18
18.5–23.9	68.51	54.88	41.70
24–27.9	14.30	31.69	37.55
≥28	3.49	8.24	18.56
WC	75.61±8.19	81.61±9.04	87.02±9.95	411.441	<0.001
WHR	0.85±0.06	0.88±0.07	0.91±0.06	248.475	<0.001
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	4.69±0.82	4.98±1.33	5.31±1.86	90.399	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.70±0.96	4.98±1.07	5.26±1.15	88.325	<0.001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.26±0.83	1.77±1.77	2.15±2.25	178.995	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	107.97±7.80	125.45±6.65	144.78±18.55	1533.137	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	69.49±6.40	79.59±5.99	91.49±11.33	1206.505	<0.001
Family history of hypertension (%)				18.391	0.005
Only father	11.42	11.03	11.14
Only mother	12.02	15.08	17.25
Both parents	5.41	4.82	8.95
Neither	71.15	69.07	62.66
LAP	29.14±27.00	52.15±63.50	75.87±99.81	355.133	<0.001

BMI, body mass index; LAP, lipid accumulation product; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.